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Related papers: Bracing frameworks consisting of parallelograms

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We introduce torsoids, a canonical structure in matching covered graphs, corresponding to the bricks and braces of the graph. This allows a more fine-grained understanding of the structure of finite and infinite directed graphs with respect…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Nathan Bowler , Florian Gut , Meike Hatzel , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Irene Muzi , Florian Reich

We develop a rigidity theory for bar-joint frameworks in Euclidean $d$-space in which specified classes of edges are allowed to change length in a coordinated fashion that requires differences of lengths to be preserved within each class.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Bernd Schulze , Hattie Serocold , Louis Theran

A conjecture of Berge suggests that every bridgeless cubic graph can have its edges covered with at most five perfect matchings. Since three perfect matchings suffice only when the graph in question is $3$-edge-colourable, the rest of cubic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-05 Edita Máčajová , Martin Škoviera

A bar-joint framework $(G,p)$ is the combination of a graph $G$ and a map $p$ assigning positions, in some space, to the vertices of $G$. The framework is rigid if every edge-length-preserving continuous motion of the vertices arises from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Sean Dewar , John Hewetson , Anthony Nixon

A 2-dimensional framework is a straight line realisation of a graph in the Euclidean plane. It is radically solvable if the set of vertex coordinates is contained in a radical extension of the field of rationals extended by the squared edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-09 Bill Jackson , J. C. Owen

We exactly settle the complexity of graph realization, graph rigidity, and graph global rigidity as applied to three types of graphs: "globally noncrossing" graphs, which avoid crossings in all of their configurations; matchstick graphs,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zachary Abel , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Sarah Eisenstat , Jayson Lynch , Tao B. Schardl

We study reflection-symmetric realisations of symmetric graphs in the plane that allow a continuous symmetry and edge-length preserving deformation. To do so, we identify a necessary combinatorial condition on graphs with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Jan Legerský

In this paper we consider the effect of symmetry on the rigidity of bar-joint frameworks, spherical frameworks and point-hyperplane frameworks in $\mathbb{R}^d$. In particular we show that, under forced or incidental symmetry, infinitesimal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-07 Katie Clinch , Anthony Nixon , Bernd Schulze , Walter Whiteley

Some aspects of a mathematical theory of rigidity and flexibility are developed for general infinite frameworks and two main results are obtained. In the first sufficient conditions, of a uniform local nature, are obtained for the existence…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-11-19 J. C. Owen , S. C. Power

Rigidity, arising in discrete geometry, is the property of a structure that does not flex. Laman provides a combinatorial characterization of rigid graphs in the Euclidean plane, and thus rigid graphs in the Euclidean plane have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-14 Xiaofeng Gu

The Berge-Fulkerson conjecture states that every bridgeless cubic graph can be covered with six perfect matchings such that each edge is covered exactly twice. An equivalent reformulation is that it's possible to find a 6-cycle 4-cover. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Nikolay Ulyanov

This article deals with homomorphisms of oriented graphs with respect to push equivalence. Here homomorphisms refer to arc preserving vertex mappings, and push equivalence refers to the equivalence class of orientations of a graph $G$ those…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Tapas Das , Pavan P D , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

We define periodic frameworks as graphs on the torus, using the language of gain graphs. We present some fundamental definitions and results about the infinitesimal rigidity of graphs on a torus of fixed size and shape, and find necessary…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-03-01 Elissa Ross

Given a periodic graph, we wish to determine via combinatorial methods whether it has periodic embeddings in the plane that -- via motions that preserve edge-lengths and periodicity -- can be continuously deformed into another non-congruent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-29 Sean Dewar

We investigate the structure of conformally rigid graphs. Graphs are conformally rigid if introducing edge weights cannot increase (decrease) the second (last) eigenvalue of the Graph Laplacian. Edge-transitive graphs and distance-regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-26 João Gouveia , Stefan Steinerberger , Rekha R. Thomas

A framework is a graph and a map from its vertices to E^d (for some d). A framework is universally rigid if any framework in any dimension with the same graph and edge lengths is a Euclidean image of it. We show that a generic universally…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Steven J. Gortler , Dylan P. Thurston

We characterise finite and infinitesimal rigidity for bar-joint frameworks in R^d with respect to polyhedral norms (i.e. norms with closed unit ball P a convex d-dimensional polytope). Infinitesimal and continuous rigidity are shown to be…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-01-08 D. Kitson

In this paper we introduce flat grafting as a deformation of quadratic differentials on a surface of finite type that is analogous to the grafting map on hyperbolic surfaces. Flat grafting maps are generic in the strata structure and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Ser-Wei Fu

We give a combinatorial characterization of generic minimally rigid reflection frameworks. The main new idea is to study a pair of direction networks on the same graph such that one admits faithful realizations and the other has only…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2012-03-13 Justin Malestein , Louis Theran

How does one determine if a collection of bars joined by freely rotating hinges cannot be deformed without changing the length of any of the bars? In other words, how does one determine if a bar-joint graph is rigid? This question has been…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-10-02 Kyungeun Kim , J. M. Schwarz