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Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) provide a natural ansatz for the ground states of gapped, local Hamiltonians in which global characteristics of a quantum state are encoded in properties of local tensors. We develop a framework to…

Matrix product states (MPS) and matrix product operators (MPOs) are one dimensional tensor networks that underlie the modern density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. The use of MPOs accounts for the high level of generality…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-27 Matthew J. O'Rourke , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

We study the realization of anyon-permuting symmetries of topological phases on the lattice using tensor networks. Working on the virtual level of a projected entangled pair state, we find matrix product operators (MPOs) that realize all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-20 Jacob C. Bridgeman , Stephen D. Bartlett , Andrew C. Doherty

This thesis is divided into two mainly independent parts: In the first part, we derive a criterion to determine when a translationally invariant Matrix Product State (MPS) has long range localizable entanglement, which indicates that the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-09-22 Thorsten B. Wahl

We classify the different ways in which matrix product states (MPSs) can stay invariant under the action of matrix product operator (MPO) symmetries. This is achieved through a local characterization of how the MPSs, that generate a ground…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-02-22 José Garre-Rubio , Laurens Lootens , András Molnár

One of the most striking features of quantum phases that exhibit topological order is the presence of long range entanglement that cannot be detected by any local order parameter. The formalism of projected entangled-pair states is a…

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are tensor networks representing operators acting on 1D systems. They model a wide variety of situations, including communication channels with memory effects, quantum cellular automata, mixed states in 1D…

Recent work has shown that for one-dimensional quantum states that can be effectively approximated by matrix product operators (MPOs), a polynomial number of copies of the state suffices for reconstruction. Compared to MPOs in one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Zhen Qin , Zhihui Zhu

We show that general string-net condensed states have a natural representation in terms of tensor product states (TPS) . These TPS's are built from local tensors. They can describe both states with short-range entanglement (such as the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Zheng-Cheng Gu , Michael Levin , Brian Swingle , Xiao-Gang Wen

Quantum tensor network states and more particularly projected entangled-pair states provide a natural framework for representing ground states of gapped, topologically ordered systems. The defining feature of these representations is that…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-03-02 Nick Bultinck , Michael Mariën , Dominic J. Williamson , Mehmet B. Şahinoğlu , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

This thesis contributes to the understanding of symmetry-enriched topological phases focusing on their descriptions in terms of tensor network states. The Projected Entangled Pair State (PEPS) formalism allows us to locally encode the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-19 José Garre-Rubio

We present a method of extracting information about topological order from the ground state of a strongly correlated two-dimensional system represented by an infinite projected entangled pair state (iPEPS). As in Phys. Rev. B 101, 041108…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-22 Anna Francuz , Laurens Lootens , Frank Verstraete , Jacek Dziarmaga

We provide a generalisation of the matrix product operator (MPO) formalism for string-net projected entangled pair states (PEPS) to include non-unitary solutions of the pentagon equation. These states provide the explicit lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-01 Laurens Lootens , Robijn Vanhove , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

Matrix Product States (MPS) are a particular type of one dimensional tensor network states, that have been applied to the study of numerous quantum many body problems. One of their key features is the possibility to describe and encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-02 Ilya Kull , Andras Molnar , Erez Zohar , J. Ignacio Cirac

We study Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) with continuous virtual symmetries, i.e., symmetries in the virtual degrees of freedom, through an elementary class of models with SU(2) symmetry. Discrete symmetries of that kind have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-18 Henrik Dreyer , J. Ignacio Cirac , Norbert Schuch

Matrix product states (MPS) illustrate the suitability of tensor networks for the description of interacting many-body systems: ground states of gapped $1$-D systems are approximable by MPS as shown by Hastings [J. Stat. Mech. Theor. Exp.,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Robert Koenig , Volkher B. Scholz

Symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases exhibit nontrivial order if symmetry is respected but are adiabatically connected to the trivial product phase if symmetry is not respected. However, unlike the symmetry-breaking phase, there is…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-05-04 Ching-Yu Huang , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Recent work by Wu {\em et al.} [arXiv:1910.11011] proposed a numerical method, so-called matrix product operator-matrix product state (MPO-MPS) method, by which several types of quantum many-body wave functions, in particular, the projected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-04-29 Hui-Ke Jin , Hong-Hao Tu , Yi Zhou

This is a partly non-technical introduction to selected topics on tensor network methods, based on several lectures and introductory seminars given on the subject. It should be a good place for newcomers to get familiarized with some of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-07-07 Roman Orus

Projected entangled pair states (PEPS) provide exact representations for many non-chiral topologically ordered states whereas their range of applicability to interacting chiral topological phases remains largely unsettled. In this context,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-09-06 Anna Hackenbroich , Antoine Sterdyniak , Norbert Schuch
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