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Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been around for decades and employed to solve various sequential decision-making problems. These algorithms however have faced great challenges when dealing with high-dimensional environments. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

In some game scenarios, due to the uncertainty of the number of enemy units and the priority of various attributes, the evaluation of the threat level of enemy units as well as the screening has been a challenging research topic, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Wuzhou Sun , Siyi Li , Qingxiang Zou , Zixing Liao

Adversarial training has become one of the most effective methods for improving robustness of neural networks. However, it often suffers from poor generalization on both clean and perturbed data. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Minhao Cheng , Qi Lei , Pin-Yu Chen , Inderjit Dhillon , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

The rapid pace of recent research in AI has been driven in part by the presence of fast and challenging simulation environments. These environments often take the form of games; with tasks ranging from simple board games, to competitive…

We present PORTAL, a novel framework for developing artificial intelligence agents capable of playing thousands of 3D video games through language-guided policy generation. By transforming decision-making problems into language modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zhongwen Xu , Xianliang Wang , Siyi Li , Tao Yu , Liang Wang , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

Deep reinforcement learning provides a promising approach for text-based games in studying natural language communication between humans and artificial agents. However, the generalization still remains a big challenge as the agents depend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Yunqiu Xu , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Yali Du , Chengqi Zhang

Reinforcement learning often uses neural networks to solve complex control tasks. However, neural networks are sensitive to input perturbations, which makes their deployment in safety-critical environments challenging. This work lifts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Manuel Wendl , Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Reinforcement learning agents in complex game environments often suffer from sparse rewards, training instability, and poor sample efficiency. This paper presents a hybrid training approach that combines offline imitation learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thomas Ackermann , Moritz Spang , Hamza A. A. Gardi

Within the context of video games the notion of perfectly rational agents can be undesirable as it leads to uninteresting situations, where humans face tough adversarial decision makers. Current frameworks for stochastic games and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Jordi Grau-Moya , Felix Leibfried , Haitham Bou-Ammar

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have been remarkable in recent years. However, the limitations of traditional training methods have become increasingly evident, particularly in meta-RL settings where agents face new, unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Ramnath Kumar , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

We propose HyperAgent, a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm based on the hypermodel framework for exploration in RL. HyperAgent allows for the efficient incremental approximation of posteriors associated with an optimal action-value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yingru Li , Jiawei Xu , Lei Han , Zhi-Quan Luo

We introduce an approach for deep reinforcement learning (RL) that improves upon the efficiency, generalization capacity, and interpretability of conventional approaches through structured perception and relational reasoning. It uses…

Digital collectible card games are not only a growing part of the video game industry, but also an interesting research area for the field of computational intelligence. This game genre allows researchers to deal with hidden information,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Pablo García-Sánchez , Alberto Tonda , Antonio J. Fernández-Leiva , Carlos Cotta

Deep reinforcement learning agents have achieved state-of-the-art results by directly maximising cumulative reward. However, environments contain a much wider variety of possible training signals. In this paper, we introduce an agent that…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has been successfully applied to a number of challenging problems. Despite these empirical successes, theoretical understanding of different algorithms is lacking, primarily due to the curse of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Yuwei Luo , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Mladen Kolar

This paper introduces Adversarial Resilience Learning (ARL), a concept to model, train, and analyze artificial neural networks as representations of competitive agents in highly complex systems. In our examples, the agents normally take the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Lars Fischer , Jan-Menno Memmen , Eric MSP Veith , Martin Tröschel

We introduce two tactics to attack agents trained by deep reinforcement learning algorithms using adversarial examples, namely the strategically-timed attack and the enchanting attack. In the strategically-timed attack, the adversary aims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Yen-Chen Lin , Zhang-Wei Hong , Yuan-Hong Liao , Meng-Li Shih , Ming-Yu Liu , Min Sun

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving decision-making problems in dynamic environments. In this research, we explore the application of Double DQN (DDQN) and Dueling Network Architectures, to financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Bruno Giorgio

End-to-end reinforcement learning agents learn a state representation and a policy at the same time. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been trained successfully as reinforcement learning agents in settings like dialogue that require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Layla El Asri , Adam Trischler