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The phase shift rules enable the estimation of the derivative of a quantum state with respect to phase parameters, providing valuable insights into the behavior and dynamics of quantum systems. This capability is essential in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-15 L. A. Markovich , S. Malikis , S. Polla , J. T. Brugués

We derive and implement a second-order adjoint method to compute exact gradients and Hessians for a prototypical quantum optimal control problem, that of solving for the minimal energy applied electric field that drives a molecule from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Harish S. Bhat

Standard first-order stochastic optimization algorithms base their updates solely on the average mini-batch gradient, and it has been shown that tracking additional quantities such as the curvature can help de-sensitize common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Ricky T. Q. Chen , Dami Choi , Lukas Balles , David Duvenaud , Philipp Hennig

Variational quantum algorithms are a leading candidate for early applications on noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. These algorithms depend on a classical optimization outer-loop that minimizes some function of a parameterized…

Variational quantum circuits build the foundation for various classes of quantum algorithms. In a nutshell, the weights of a parametrized quantum circuit are varied until the empirical sampling distribution of the circuit is sufficiently…

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are some of the most promising workloads for near-term quantum computers without error correction. The aim of these variational algorithms is to guide the quantum system to a target state that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Shavindra P. Premaratne , A. Y. Matsuura

We present a detailed numerical study of an alternative approach, named Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement (QNDM), to efficiently estimate the gradients or the Hessians of a quantum observable. This is a key step and a resource-demanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Giovanni Minuto , Dario Melegari , Simone Caletti , Paolo Solinas

Variational quantum algorithms are promising tools whose efficacy depends on their optimisation method. For noise-free unitary circuits, the quantum generalisation of natural gradient descent has been introduced and shown to be equivalent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Bálint Koczor , Simon C. Benjamin

The optimization of Variational Quantum Eigensolver is severely challenged by finite-shot sampling noise, which distorts the cost landscape, creates false variational minima, and induces statistical bias called winner's curse. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Vojtěch Novák , Silvie Illésová , Tomáš Bezděk , Ivan Zelinka , Martin Beseda

We develop a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm to calculate the analytical second-order derivative of the energy for the orbital-optimized variational quantum eigensolver (OO-VQE), which is a method to calculate eigenenergies of a given…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Yuya O. Nakagawa , Jiabao Chen , Shotaro Sudo , Yu-ya Ohnishi , Wataru Mizukami

We consider the problem of estimating quantum observables on a collection of qubits, given as a linear combination of Pauli operators, with shallow quantum circuits consisting of single-qubit rotations. We introduce estimators based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-08 Stefan Hillmich , Charles Hadfield , Rudy Raymond , Antonio Mezzacapo , Robert Wille

Several quantities important in condensed matter physics, quantum information, and quantum chemistry, as well as quantities required in meta-optimization of machine learning algorithms, can be expressed as gradients of implicitly defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Shahnawaz Ahmed , Nathan Killoran , Juan Felipe Carrasquilla Álvarez

Variational quantum eigensolvers are touted as a near-term algorithm capable of impacting many applications. However, the potential has not yet been realized, with few claims of quantum advantage and high resource estimates, especially due…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical approaches used for tackling a wide range of problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Testing these algorithms on relevant hardware is crucial to…

In quantum mechanics, measuring the expectation value of a general observable has an inherent statistical uncertainty that is quantified by variance or mean squared error of measurement outcome. While the uncertainty can be reduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Kaito Wada , Naoki Yamamoto , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

In this article we introduce an algorithm for mitigating the adverse effects of noise on gradient descent in variational quantum algorithms. This is accomplished by computing a {\emph{regularized}} local classical approximation to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-07 Lars Simon , Holger Eble , Hagen-Henrik Kowalski , Manuel Radons

Parameterized quantum circuits can be used as quantum neural networks and have the potential to outperform their classical counterparts when trained for addressing learning problems. To date, much of the results on their performance on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Junyu Liu , Khadijeh Najafi , Kunal Sharma , Francesco Tacchino , Liang Jiang , Antonio Mezzacapo

Despite extensive research efforts, few quantum algorithms for classical optimization demonstrate realizable quantum advantage. The utility of many quantum algorithms is limited by high requisite circuit depth and nonconvex optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-27 Taylor L. Patti , Jean Kossaifi , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

Variational Quantum algorithms, especially Quantum Approximate Optimization and Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) have established their potential to provide computational advantage in the realm of combinatorial optimization. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Utkarsh Priyam , Vaneet Aggarwal

The optimal value function is one of the basic objects in the field of mathematical optimization, as it allows the evaluation of the variations in the cost/revenue generated while minimizing/maximizing a given function under some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Alain B. Zemkoho