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We present an algorithm for performing quantum process tomography on an unknown $n$-qubit unitary $C$ from the Clifford group. Our algorithm uses Bell basis measurements to deterministically learn $C$ with $4n + 3$ queries, which is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Timothy Skaras , Paul Ginsparg

We present an algorithm for doing Gibbs sampling on a quantum computer. The algorithm combines phase estimation for a Szegedy operator, and Grover's algorithm. For any $\epsilon>0$, the algorithm will sample a probability distribution in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-01-14 Robert R. Tucci

We investigate the problem of synthesizing T-depth optimal quantum circuits over the Clifford+T gate set. First we construct a special subset of T-depth 1 unitaries, such that it is possible to express the T-depth-optimal decomposition of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

The Clifford operators are an important and well-studied subset of quantum operations, in both the qubit and higher-dimensional qudit cases. While there are many ways to characterize this set, this paper aims to provide an ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 J. M. Farinholt

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake

We present novel algorithms to estimate outcomes for qubit quantum circuits. Notably, these methods can simulate a Clifford circuit in linear time without ever writing down stabilizer states explicitly. These algorithms outperform previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Patrick Rall , Daniel Liang , Jeremy Cook , William Kretschmer

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

By the Gottesman-Knill Theorem, the outcome probabilities of Clifford circuits can be computed efficiently. We present an alternative proof of this result for quopit Clifford circuits (i.e., Clifford circuits on collections of $p$-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Dax Enshan Koh , Mark D. Penney , Robert W. Spekkens

We describe a scalable experimental protocol for obtaining estimates of the error rate of individual quantum computational gates. This protocol, in which random Clifford gates are interleaved between a gate of interest, provides a bounded…

We study optimal synthesis of Clifford circuits, and apply the results to peep-hole optimization of quantum circuits. We report optimal circuits for all Clifford operations with up to four inputs. We perform peep-hole optimization of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-12 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov

We propose a new quantum circuit for the quantum search problem. The quantum circuit is superior to Grover's algorithm in some realistic cases. The reasons for the superiority are in short as follows: In the quantum circuit proposed in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-20 Go Kato

A major challenge in developing quantum computing technologies is to accomplish high precision tasks by utilizing multiplex optimization approaches, on both the physical system and algorithm levels. Loss functions assessing the overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Zhen Wang , Yanzhu Chen , Zixuan Song , Dayue Qin , Hekang Li , Qiujiang Guo , H. Wang , Chao Song , Ying Li

The ability to implement the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) efficiently on a quantum computer facilitates the advantages offered by a variety of fundamental quantum algorithms, such as those for integer factoring, computing discrete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-09 Yunseong Nam , Yuan Su , Dmitri Maslov

We introduce a new family of quantum circuits for which the scrambling of a subspace of non-local operators is classically simulable. We call these circuits `super-Clifford circuits', since the Heisenberg time evolution of these operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Mike Blake , Noah Linden

Quantum Supremacy is a demonstration of a computation by a quantum computer that can not be performed by the best classical computer in a reasonable time. A well-studied approach to demonstrating this on near-term quantum computers is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Julien Codsi , John van de Wetering

We develop Monte Carlo methods for sampling random states and corresponding bit strings in qubit systems. To this end, we derive exact probability density functions that yield the Porter-Thomas distribution in the limit of large systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Andreas Raab

The task of learning a probability distribution from samples is ubiquitous across the natural sciences. The output distributions of local quantum circuits form a particularly interesting class of distributions, of key importance both to…

We address the question of efficient implementation of quantum protocols, with small communication and entanglement, and short depth circuit for encoding or decoding. We introduce two new methods to achieve this, the first method involving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Anurag Anshu , Rahul Jain

The partition function is an essential quantity in statistical mechanics, and its accurate computation is a key component of any statistical analysis of quantum system and phenomenon. However, for interacting many-body quantum systems, its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-16 Yusen Wu , Jingbo Wang

The Clifford group plays a central role in quantum randomized benchmarking, quantum tomography, and error correction protocols. Here we study the structural properties of this group. We show that any Clifford operator can be uniquely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-11 Sergey Bravyi , Dmitri Maslov