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Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are now an integral part of multiple industries. In clinical research, AI supports automated adverse event detection in clinical trials, patient eligibility screening for protocol enrollment, and data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Laxmiraju Kandikatla , Branislav Radeljic

AI-based systems have been used widely across various industries for different decisions ranging from operational decisions to tactical and strategic ones in low- and high-stakes contexts. Gradually the weaknesses and issues of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Morteza Saberi

In Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) generate vast data sets that can be leveraged by Artificial Intelligence (AI) for applications including predictive maintenance and production planning. However, despite the demonstrated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Alexander Windmann , Philipp Wittenberg , Marvin Schieseck , Oliver Niggemann

Persuasion is a key aspect of what it means to be human, and is central to business, politics, and other endeavors. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have produced AI systems that are capable of persuading humans to buy products,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Matthew Burtell , Thomas Woodside

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems introduce unprecedented privacy challenges as they process increasingly sensitive data. Traditional privacy frameworks prove inadequate for AI technologies due to unique characteristics such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Grace Billiris , Asif Gill , Madhushi Bandara

Recent discussions and research in AI safety have increasingly emphasized the deep connection between AI safety and existential risk from advanced AI systems, suggesting that work on AI safety necessarily entails serious consideration of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Balint Gyevnar , Atoosa Kasirzadeh

As machine learning becomes a more mainstream technology, the objective for governments and public sectors is to harness the power of machine learning to advance their mission by revolutionizing public services. Motivational government use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Nader Sehatbakhsh , Ellie Daw , Onur Savas , Amin Hassanzadeh , Ian McCulloh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an integral part of modern-day security solutions for its ability to learn very complex functions and handling "Big Data". However, the lack of explainability and interpretability of successful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh K. Ghafoor , Ambareen Siraj , Mike Rogers

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved over the past decade and has advanced in areas such as language comprehension, image and video recognition, programming, and scientific reasoning. Recent AI technologies based on large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Jonghong Jeon

Legislation and public sentiment throughout the world have promoted fairness metrics, explainability, and interpretability as prescriptions for the responsible development of ethical artificial intelligence systems. Despite the importance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Erick Galinkin

Integration of AI into environmental regulation represents a significant advancement in data management. It offers promising results in both data protection plus algorithmic fairness. This research addresses the critical need for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Sahibpreet Singh , Saksham Sharma

Privacy has always been a critical issue in the digital era, particularly with the increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As the IoT continues to transform industries such as healthcare, smart cities, and home automation, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shini Girija , Pranav M. Pawar , Raja Muthalagu , Mithun Mukherjee

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a pillar of Trustworthy AI and aims to bring transparency in complex models that are opaque by nature. Despite the benefits of incorporating explanations in models, an urgent need is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sonal Allana , Mohan Kankanhalli , Rozita Dara

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly being integrated into critical systems across various domains, from healthcare to autonomous vehicles. While its integration brings immense benefits, it also introduces significant risks, including…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhiqiang Lin , Huan Sun , Ness Shroff

Deep learning has transformed AI applications but faces critical security challenges, including adversarial attacks, data poisoning, model theft, and privacy leakage. This survey examines these vulnerabilities, detailing their mechanisms…

Safety cases, structured arguments that a system is acceptably safe, are becoming central to the governance of AI systems. Yet, traditional safety-case practices from aviation or nuclear engineering rely on well-specified system boundaries,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sung Une Lee , Liming Zhu , Md Shamsujjoha , Liming Dong , Qinghua Lu , Jieshan Chen , Lionel Briand

Building trust in AI-based systems is deemed critical for their adoption and appropriate use. Recent research has thus attempted to evaluate how various attributes of these systems affect user trust. However, limitations regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Michaela Benk , Suzanne Tolmeijer , Florian von Wangenheim , Andrea Ferrario

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key technology, driving advancements across a range of applications. Its integration into modern autonomous systems requires assuring safety. However, the challenge of assuring safety in systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Ronald Schnitzer , Lennart Kilian , Simon Roessner , Konstantinos Theodorou , Sonja Zillner

AI services are known to have unstable behavior when subjected to changes in data, models or users. Such behaviors, whether triggered by omission or commission, lead to trust issues when AI works with humans. The current approach of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Biplav Srivastava , Kausik Lakkaraju , Mariana Bernagozzi , Marco Valtorta

As frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems become more capable, it becomes more important that developers can explain why their systems are sufficiently safe. One way to do so is via safety cases: reports that make a structured…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Marie Davidsen Buhl , Gaurav Sett , Leonie Koessler , Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung