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We review the current status of security proofs for practical decoy-state Quantum Key Distribution using the BB84 protocol, focusing on optical implementations with weak coherent pulses and threshold photodetectors. The primary aim of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Devashish Tupkary , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan , Shlok Nahar , Lars Kamin , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We report the security analysis of time-coding quantum key distribution protocols. The protocols make use of coherent single-photon pulses. The key is encoded in the photon time-detection. The use of coherent superposition of states allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-29 Thierry Debuisschert , Simon Fossier

In this work we present a high-dimensional discrete modulated CV-QKD protocol, with dimension 2N , in optical fibers, where N is the number of optical modes. We use N-dimensional product states of weak coherent states that undergo…

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Denis Sych , Gerd Leuchs

We propose a scheme for authentication of physical keys that are materialized by optical multiple-scattering media. The authentication relies on the optical response of the key when probed by randomly selected coherent states of light, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-04 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos , Eleni Diamanti

Optical homodyne detection has found use in a range of quantum technologies as both a characterisation tool and as a way to post-selectively generate non-linearities. So far optical implementations have been limited to bulk optics. Here we…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an innovative quantum communications protocol which exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate unconditionally secure cryptographic keying material between two geographically separated parties. The…

Accurate calibration of coherent optical receivers is essential for reliable performance assessment in coherent communications, precision and quantum sensing, and continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD), where the effective…

Traditional method for measuring continuous-variable quantum entanglement relies on balanced homodyne detections, which are sensitive to vacuum quantum noise coupled in through losses resulted from many factors such as detector's quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Jiamin Li , Yuhong Liu , Nan Huo , Liang Cui , Sheng Feng , Xiaoying Li , Z. Y. Ou

The practical homodyne detector model of continuous-variable quantum key distribution models the inherent imperfections of the practical homodyne detector, namely the limited detection efficiency and the electronic noise, into trusted loss.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Yundi Huang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Luyu Huang , Song Yu

We consider discrete-modulation protocols for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) that employ a modulation constellation consisting of a finite number of coherent states and that use a homodyne or a heterodyne-detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Eneet Kaur , Saikat Guha , Mark M. Wilde

We investigate the use of photon number states to identify eavesdropping attacks on quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes. The technique is based on the fact that different photon numbers traverse a channel with different transmittivity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Daryl Achilles , Ekaterina Rogacheva , Alexei Trifonov

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a cutting-edge communication method that enables secure communication between two parties. Continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) is a promising approach to QKD that has several advantages over traditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-26 Andres Ruiz-Chamorro , Daniel Cano , Aida Garcia-Callejo , Veronica Fernandez

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides unconditional security; however, its practical implementations are susceptible to exploitable vulnerabilities. This investigation tackles the constraints in practical QKD implementations…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises information-theoretically secure communication, and is already on the verge of commercialization. Thus far, different QKD protocols have been proposed theoretically and implemented experimentally [1,…

In this paper, we propose an experimentally viable scheme to enhance the sensitivity of force detection in a hybrid optomechanical setup assisted by squeezed vacuum injection, beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). The scheme is based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 H. Allahverdi , Ali Motazedifard , A. Dalafi , D. Vitali , M. H. Naderi

The eight-port homodyne detector is an optical circuit designed to perform the monitoring of two quadratures of an optical field, the signal. By using quantum Bose fields and quantum stochastic calculus, we give a complete quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Alberto Barchielli , Alberto Santamato

We have developed a hybrid single photon detection scheme for telecom wavelengths based on nonlinear sum-frequency generation and silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The SPAD devices employed have been designed to have very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. T. Thew , S. Tanzilli , L. Krainer , S. C. Zeller , A. Rochas , I. Rech , S. Cova , H. Zbinden , N. Gisin

Continuous variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation has the potential to provide information-theoretic security using widely available optical elements and existing telecom infrastructure. While their implementation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Stefan Bäuml , Carlos Pascual-García , Victoria Wright , Omar Fawzi , Antonio Acín

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics, making it resistant to future computational threats, including quantum computers. While QKD technology shows great promise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Si Qi Ng , Florian Kanitschar , Gong Zhang , Chao Wang