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Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of foundation models often leads to poor generalization, where prior capabilities deteriorate after tuning on new tasks or domains. Inspired by trust-region policy optimization (TRPO) and proximal policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Wenhong Zhu , Ruobing Xie , Rui Wang , Xingwu Sun , Di Wang , Pengfei Liu

Fine-tuning through knowledge transfer from a pre-trained model on a large-scale dataset is a widely spread approach to effectively build models on small-scale datasets. In this work, we show that a recent adversarial attack designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ting-Wu Chin , Cha Zhang , Diana Marculescu

Recent pretrained language models extend from millions to billions of parameters. Thus the need to fine-tune an extremely large pretrained model with a limited training corpus arises in various downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Runxin Xu , Fuli Luo , Zhiyuan Zhang , Chuanqi Tan , Baobao Chang , Songfang Huang , Fei Huang

Fine-tuning Stable Diffusion enables subject-driven image synthesis by adapting the model to generate images containing specific subjects. However, existing fine-tuning methods suffer from two key issues: underfitting, where the model fails…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yao Ni , Song Wen , Piotr Koniusz , Anoop Cherian

Fine-tuning pre-trained cross-lingual language models can transfer task-specific supervision from one language to the others. In this work, we propose to improve cross-lingual fine-tuning with consistency regularization. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Bo Zheng , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Wenhui Wang , Zewen Chi , Saksham Singhal , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Xia Song , Furu Wei

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks through fine-tuning. However, fine-tuned models still suffer from overconfident predictions, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Guande He , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Effectively finetuning pretrained language models (PLMs) is critical for their success in downstream tasks. However, PLMs may have risks in overfitting the pretraining tasks and data, which usually have gap with the target downstream tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Recently, substantial progress has been made in language modeling by using deep neural networks. However, in practice, large scale neural language models have been shown to be prone to overfitting. In this paper, we present a simple yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Dilin Wang , Chengyue Gong , Qiang Liu

Pre-training on large-scale datasets and then fine-tuning on downstream tasks have become a standard practice in deep learning. However, pre-training data often contain label noise that may adversely affect the generalization of the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hao Chen , Jindong Wang , Ankit Shah , Ran Tao , Hongxin Wei , Xing Xie , Masashi Sugiyama , Bhiksha Raj

In this paper, we propose and analyze a trust-region model-based algorithm for solving unconstrained stochastic optimization problems. Our framework utilizes random models of an objective function $f(x)$, obtained from stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-26 Ruobing Chen , Matt Menickelly , Katya Scheinberg

The intrinsic difficulty in adapting deep learning models to non-stationary environments limits the applicability of neural networks to real-world tasks. This issue is critical in practical supervised learning settings, such as the ones in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci , Tinne Tuytelaars

The world is inherently dynamic, and continual learning aims to enable models to adapt to ever-evolving data streams. While pre-trained models have shown powerful performance in continual learning, they still require finetuning to adapt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haihua Luo , Xuming Ran , Tommi Kärkkäinen , Huiyan Xue , Zhonghua Chen , Qi Xu , Fengyu Cong

In this paper, we move towards combining large parametric models with non-parametric prototypical networks. We propose prototypical fine-tuning, a novel prototypical framework for fine-tuning pretrained language models (LM), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Yiqiao Jin , Xiting Wang , Yaru Hao , Yizhou Sun , Xing Xie

Training foundation models on extensive datasets and then finetuning them on specific tasks has emerged as the mainstream approach in artificial intelligence. However, the model robustness, which is a critical aspect for safety, is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kai Qiu , Huishuai Zhang , Zhirong Wu , Stephen Lin

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) reports improving domain generalization by reducing the loss surface curvature in the parameter space. However, generalization during fine-tuning is often more dependent on the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Tom Sherborne , Naomi Saphra , Pradeep Dasigi , Hao Peng

Fine-tuning over large pretrained language models (PLMs) has established many state-of-the-art results. Despite its superior performance, such fine-tuning can be unstable, resulting in significant variance in performance and potential risks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Chenghao Yang , Xuezhe Ma

Robustness is essential for deep neural networks, especially in security-sensitive applications. To this end, randomized smoothing provides theoretical guarantees for certifying robustness against adversarial perturbations. Recently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jiachen Lei , Julius Berner , Jiongxiao Wang , Zhongzhu Chen , Zhongjia Ba , Kui Ren , Jun Zhu , Anima Anandkumar

Optimizing the noise samples of diffusion and flow models is an increasingly popular approach to align these models to target rewards at inference time. However, we observe that these approaches are usually restricted to differentiable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Niklas Schweiger , Daniel Cremers , Karnik Ram

A widely used algorithm for transfer learning is fine-tuning, where a pre-trained model is fine-tuned on a target task with a small amount of labeled data. When the capacity of the pre-trained model is significantly larger than the size of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Dongyue Li , Hongyang R. Zhang

In this work, we introduce a novel stochastic second-order method, within the framework of a non-monotone trust-region approach, for solving the unconstrained, nonlinear, and non-convex optimization problems arising in the training of deep…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-18 Natasa Krejic , Natasa Krklec Jerinkic , Angeles Martinez , Mahsa Yousefi