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Many problems are NP-hard and, unless P = NP, do not admit polynomial-time exact algorithms. The fastest known exact algorithms exactly usually take time exponential in the input size. Much research effort has gone into obtaining faster…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Stefan Kratsch , Pascal Kunz

Standard representational similarity methods align each layer of a network to its best match in another independently, producing asymmetric results, lacking a global alignment score, and struggling with networks of different depths. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shaan Shah , Meenakshi Khosla

We establish numerical methods for solving the martingale optimal transport problem (MOT) - a version of the classical optimal transport with an additional martingale constraint on transport's dynamics. We prove that the MOT value can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Gaoyue Guo , Jan Obloj

Sinkhorn algorithm has been used pervasively to approximate the solution to optimal transport (OT) and unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) problems. However, its practical application is limited due to the high computational complexity. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Mengyu Li , Jun Yu , Tao Li , Cheng Meng

Sinkhorn algorithm is the de-facto standard approximation algorithm for optimal transport, which has been applied to a variety of applications, including image processing and natural language processing. In theory, the proof of its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kazuki Watanabe , Noboru Isobe

An action of a group on a vector space partitions the latter into a set of orbits. We consider three natural and useful algorithmic "isomorphism" or "classification" problems, namely, orbit equality, orbit closure intersection, and orbit…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Peter Bürgisser , M. Levent Doğan , Visu Makam , Michael Walter , Avi Wigderson

We develop a fast and reliable method for solving large-scale optimal transport (OT) problems at an unprecedented combination of speed and accuracy. Built on the celebrated Douglas-Rachford splitting technique, our method tackles the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-25 Vien V. Mai , Jacob Lindbäck , Mikael Johansson

Narayanan showed the existence of the principal partition sequence of a submodular function, a structure with numerous applications in areas such as clustering, fast algorithms, and approximation algorithms. In this work, motivated by two…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Kristóf Bérczi , Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran , Tamás Király , Daniel P. Szabo

In this paper, we propose a practical primal-dual algorithm with theoretical guarantees and develop a GPU-based solver, which we dub PDOT, for solving large-scale optimal transport problems. Compared to Sinkhorn algorithm or classic LP…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Haihao Lu , Jinwen Yang

We introduce a new class of convex-regularized Optimal Transport losses, which generalizes the classical Entropy-regularization of Optimal Transport and Sinkhorn divergences, and propose a generalized Sinkhorn algorithm. Our framework…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Simone Di Marino , Augusto Gerolin

Given a set of $n$ point robots inside a simple polygon $P$, the task is to move the robots from their starting positions to their target positions along their shortest paths, while the mutual visibility of these robots is preserved.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rusul J. Alsaedi , Joachim Gudmundsson , André van Renssen

In this paper we address several constrained transportation optimization problems (e.g. vehicle routing, shortest Hamiltonian path), for which we present novel algorithmic solutions and extensions, considering several optimization…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-03-24 Mugurel Ionut Andreica , Sorin Briciu , Madalina Ecaterina Andreica

Optimal Transport (OT) problems arise in a wide range of applications, from physics to economics. Getting numerical approximate solution of these problems is a challenging issue of practical importance. In this work, we investigate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-15 Aurélien Alfonsi , Rafaël Coyaud , Virginie Ehrlacher , Damiano Lombardi

We propose a discrete time formulation of the semi-martingale optimal transport problem based on multi-marginal entropic transport. This approach offers a new way to formulate and solve numerically the calibration problem proposed by [17],…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-03 Jean-David Benamou , Guillaume Chazareix , Grégoire Loeper

We introduce in this paper a novel strategy for efficiently approximating the Sinkhorn distance between two discrete measures. After identifying neglectable components of the dual solution of the regularized Sinkhorn problem, we propose to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-22 Mokhtar Z. Alaya , Maxime Bérar , Gilles Gasso , Alain Rakotomamonjy

Optimal transport (OT) is a widely used tool in machine learning, but computing high-accuracy solutions for large instances remains costly. Entropic regularization and the Sinkhorn algorithm improve scalability; however, when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Di Wu , Ling Liang , Haizhao Yang

The Wasserstein metric is broadly used in optimal transport for comparing two probabilistic distributions, with successful applications in various fields such as machine learning, signal processing, seismic inversion, etc. Nevertheless, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Qichen Liao , Jing Chen , Zihao Wang , Bo Bai , Shi Jin , Hao Wu

Optimal transport (OT) and unbalanced optimal transport (UOT) are central in many machine learning, statistics and engineering applications. 1D OT is easily solved, with complexity O(n log n), but no efficient algorithm was known for 1D…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Gabriel Gouvine

We investigate the complexity of several fundamental polynomial-time solvable problems on graphs and on matrices, when the given instance has low treewidth; in the case of matrices, we consider the treewidth of the graph formed by non-zero…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-05 Fedor V. Fomin , Daniel Lokshtanov , Michał Pilipczuk , Saket Saurabh , Marcin Wrochna

Optimal transport is a machine learning problem with applications including distribution comparison, feature selection, and generative adversarial networks. In this paper, we propose feature-robust optimal transport (FROT) for…