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Regret Matching+ (RM+) and its variants are important algorithms for solving large-scale games. However, a theoretical understanding of their success in practice is still a mystery. Moreover, recent advances on fast convergence in games are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Gabriele Farina , Julien Grand-Clément , Christian Kroer , Chung-Wei Lee , Haipeng Luo

The long-run behavior of multi-agent learning - and, in particular, no-regret learning - is relatively well-understood in potential games, where players have aligned interests. By contrast, in harmonic games - the strategic counterpart of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Davide Legacci , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Christos H. Papadimitriou , Georgios Piliouras , Bary S. R. Pradelski

The notion of \emph{policy regret} in online learning is a well defined? performance measure for the common scenario of adaptive adversaries, which more traditional quantities such as external regret do not take into account. We revisit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Raman Arora , Michael Dinitz , Teodor V. Marinov , Mehryar Mohri

In many real-world settings agents engage in strategic interactions with multiple opposing agents who can employ a wide variety of strategies. The standard approach for designing agents for such settings is to compute or approximate a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Sam Ganzfried , Kevin A. Wang , Max Chiswick

Empirical game-theoretic analysis (EGTA) has recently been applied successfully to analyze the behavior of large numbers of competing traders in a continuous double auction market. Multiagent simulation methods like EGTA are useful for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Mason Wright

Sparse iterative methods, in particular first-order methods, are known to be among the most effective in solving large-scale two-player zero-sum extensive-form games. The convergence rates of these methods depend heavily on the properties…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Christian Kroer , Kevin Waugh , Fatma Kilinc-Karzan , Tuomas Sandholm

Nash equilibrium is a popular solution concept for solving imperfect-information games in practice. However, it has a major drawback: it does not preclude suboptimal play in branches of the game tree that are not reached in equilibrium.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

Extensive-form games provide a versatile framework for modeling interactions of multiple agents subjected to imperfect observations and stochastic events. In recent years, two paradigms, policy space response oracles (PSRO) and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Xinrun Wang , Jakub Cerny , Shuxin Li , Chang Yang , Zhuyun Yin , Hau Chan , Bo An

We consider the problem of computing mixed Nash equilibria of two-player zero-sum games with continuous sets of pure strategies and with first-order access to the payoff function. This problem arises for example in game-theory-inspired…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Guillaume Wang , Lénaïc Chizat

In this study, we present models where participants strategically select their risk levels and earn corresponding rewards, mirroring real-world competition across various sectors. Our analysis starts with a normal form game involving two…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-05-31 Louis Abraham

By incorporating regret minimization, double oracle methods have demonstrated rapid convergence to Nash Equilibrium (NE) in normal-form games and extensive-form games, through algorithms such as online double oracle (ODO) and extensive-form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Xiaohang Tang , Le Cong Dinh , Stephen Marcus McAleer , Yaodong Yang

Follow the regularized leader FTRL is the premier algorithm for online optimization. However, despite decades of research on its convergence in constrained optimization -- and potential games in particular -- its behavior remained hitherto…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ioannis Anagnostides , Ioannis Panageas , Nikolas Patris , Tuomas Sandholm

Computing Nash equilibrium policies is a central problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning that has received extensive attention both in theory and in practice. However, provable guarantees have been thus far either limited to fully…

This paper studies the optimistic variant of Fictitious Play for learning in two-player zero-sum games. While it is known that Optimistic FTRL -- a regularized algorithm with a bounded stepsize parameter -- obtains constant regret in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 John Lazarsfeld , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis

A celebrated result in the interface of online learning and game theory guarantees that the repeated interaction of no-regret players leads to a coarse correlated equilibrium (CCE) -- a natural game-theoretic solution concept. Despite the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ioannis Anagnostides , Alkis Kalavasis , Tuomas Sandholm

We consider a fair resource allocation problem in the no-regret setting against an unrestricted adversary. The objective is to allocate resources equitably among several agents in an online fashion so that the difference of the aggregate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Abhishek Sinha , Ativ Joshi , Rajarshi Bhattacharjee , Cameron Musco , Mohammad Hajiesmaili

We study the problem of computing an Extensive-Form Perfect Equilibrium (EFPE) in 2-player games. This equilibrium concept refines the Nash equilibrium requiring resilience w.r.t. a specific vanishing perturbation (representing mistakes of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti

Solving strategic games with huge action space is a critical yet under-explored topic in economics, operations research and artificial intelligence. This paper proposes new learning algorithms for solving two-player zero-sum normal-form…

Nash Equilibrium (NE) is the canonical solution concept of game theory, which provides an elegant tool to understand the rationalities. Though mixed strategy NE exists in any game with finite players and actions, computing NE in two- or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xinrun Wang , Chang Yang , Shuxin Li , Pengdeng Li , Xiao Huang , Hau Chan , Bo An

Reinforcement learning from self-play has recently reported many successes. Self-play, where the agents compete with themselves, is often used to generate training data for iterative policy improvement. In previous work, heuristic rules are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuanyi Zhong , Yuan Zhou , Jian Peng