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Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology has radically reshaped the world by taking humanity to the digital age. Cramming more transistors into the same physical space has enabled an exponential increase in computational…
The worlds of computing, communication, and storage have for a long time been treated separately, and even the recent trends of cloud computing, distributed computing, and mobile edge computing have not fundamentally changed the role of…
For decades, advances in electronics were directly driven by the scaling of CMOS transistors according to Moore's law. However, both the CMOS scaling and the classical computer architecture are approaching fundamental and practical limits,…
Since the very beginning of hardware development, computer processors were invented with ever-increasing clock frequencies and sophisticated in-build optimization strategies. Due to physical limitations, this 'free lunch' of speedup has…
Cloud computing has achieved an unbelievable adoption response rate but still its infancy stage is not over. It is an emerging paradigm and amazingly gaining popularity. The size of the market shared of the applications provided by cloud…
With the demonstrated ability to perform calculations in seconds that would take classical supercomputers thousands of years, quantum computers namely hold the promise of radically advancing sustainable IT. However, quantum computers face…
Today's systems are overwhelmingly designed to move data to computation. This design choice goes directly against at least three key trends in systems that cause performance, scalability and energy bottlenecks: (1) data access from memory…
Quantum computing promises to provide the next step up in computational power for diverse application areas. In this review, we examine the science behind the quantum hype, and the breakthroughs required to achieve true quantum advantage in…
Quantum computing is an emerging technology with potentially far-reaching implications for national prosperity and security. Understanding the timeframes over which economic benefits and national security risks may manifest themselves is…
In today's information technology (IT) era, a major part of the costs is being spent on computational needs. Enterprises are in efforts to increase their Return on Investment (ROI) and individuals are trying to reduce their costs. In this…
Current computers operate at enormous speeds of ~10^13 bits/s, but their principle of sequential logic operation has remained unchanged since the 1950s. Though our brain is much slower on a per-neuron base (~10^3 firings/s), it is capable…
The purpose of this report is to show that computer and allied technologies can be used to increase energy efficiency. The report is divided into transport, industrial, commercial and domestic sections, which correspond to the major energy…
In today's data-centric world, where data fuels numerous application domains, with machine learning at the forefront, handling the enormous volume of data efficiently in terms of time and energy presents a formidable challenge. Conventional…
The end of Moore's Law and Dennard scaling has fundamentally changed the economics of computer architecture. With transistor scaling delivering diminishing returns, architectural innovation is now the primary - and perhaps only - remaining…
In this survey, we aim to explore the fundamental question of whether the next generation of artificial intelligence requires quantum computing. Artificial intelligence is increasingly playing a crucial role in many aspects of our daily…
In the span of four decades, quantum computation has evolved from an intellectual curiosity to a potentially realizable technology. Today, small-scale demonstrations have become possible for quantum algorithmic primitives on hundreds of…
In the world of Information Technology, new computing paradigms, driven by requirements of different classes of problems and applications, emerge rapidly. These new computing paradigms pose many new research challenges. Researchers from…
Quantum computing promises to revolutionize several scientific and technological domains through fundamentally new ways of processing information. Among its most compelling applications is digital quantum simulation, where quantum computers…
Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…
Computing science is based on a computing paradigm that is not valid anymore for today's technological conditions. The reason is that the transmission time even inside the processor chip, but especially between the components of the system,…