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Ensembling deep learning models is a shortcut to promote its implementation in new scenarios, which can avoid tuning neural networks, losses and training algorithms from scratch. However, it is difficult to collect sufficient accurate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Jun Yang , Fei Wang

End-to-end approaches to autonomous driving commonly rely on expert demonstrations. Although humans are good drivers, they are not good coaches for end-to-end algorithms that demand dense on-policy supervision. On the contrary, automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Zhejun Zhang , Alexander Liniger , Dengxin Dai , Fisher Yu , Luc Van Gool

Recent research on automotive driving developed an efficient end-to-end learning mode that directly maps visual input to control commands. However, it models distinct driving variations in a single network, which increases learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Huifang Ma , Yue Wang , Rong Xiong , Sarath Kodagoda , Li Tang

End-to-End (E2E) autonomous driving models have shown growing capability in recent years, with performance improving on increasingly challenging benchmarks. However, modern generative E2E planners still suffer from a substantial number of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shounak Sural , Raj Rajkumar

Safeguard functions such as those provided by advanced emergency braking (AEB) can provide another layer of safety for autonomous vehicles (AV). A smart safeguard function should adapt the activation conditions to the driving policy, to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Zhong Cao , Shaobing Xu , Songan Zhang , Huei Peng , Diange Yang

A common failure mode for policies trained with imitation is compounding execution errors at test time. When the learned policy encounters states that are not present in the expert demonstrations, the policy fails, leading to degenerate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiaoyu Zhang , Matthew Chang , Pranav Kumar , Saurabh Gupta

Learning-based approaches, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and imitation learning (IL), have indicated superiority over rule-based approaches in complex urban autonomous driving environments, showing great potential to make intelligent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Haochen Liu , Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Although deep learning approaches have stood out in recent years due to their state-of-the-art results, they continue to suffer from catastrophic forgetting, a dramatic decrease in overall performance when training with new classes added…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Francisco M. Castro , Manuel J. Marín-Jiménez , Nicolás Guil , Cordelia Schmid , Karteek Alahari

Autonomous cars are well known for being vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can compromise the safety of the car and pose danger to other road users. To effectively defend against adversaries, it is required to not only test autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan

End-to-end autonomous driving remains constrained by the difficulty of producing adaptive, robust, and interpretable decision-making across diverse scenarios. Existing methods often collapse diverse driving behaviors, lack long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Yicheng Guo , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

Autonomous vehicle safety is crucial for the successful deployment of self-driving cars. However, most existing planning methods rely heavily on imitation learning, which limits their ability to leverage collision data effectively.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zi Wang , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Zhenxin Li , Zhiding Yu , Jose M. Alvarez

Advanced sensors are a key to enable self-driving cars technology. Laser scanner sensors (LiDAR, Light Detection And Ranging) became a fundamental choice due to its long-range and robustness to low light driving conditions. The problem of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-19 Khaled Elmadawi , Moemen Abdelrazek , Mohamed Elsobky , Hesham M. Eraqi , Mohamed Zahran

In this work we are the first to present an offline policy gradient method for learning imitative policies for complex urban driving from a large corpus of real-world demonstrations. This is achieved by building a differentiable data-driven…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Oliver Scheel , Luca Bergamini , Maciej Wołczyk , Błażej Osiński , Peter Ondruska

Road congestion induces significant costs across the world, and road network disturbances, such as traffic accidents, can cause highly congested traffic patterns. If a planner had control over the routing of all vehicles in the network,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Daniel A. Lazar , Erdem Bıyık , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Interactive imitation learning makes an agent's control policy robust by stepwise supervisions from an expert. The recent algorithms mostly employ expert-agent switching systems to reduce the expert's burden by limitedly selecting the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Taisuke Kobayashi

Most self-driving systems rely on hand-coded perception outputs and engineered driving rules. Learning directly from human driving data with an end-to-end method can allow for a training architecture that is simpler and scales well with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mitchell Goff , Greg Hogan , George Hotz , Armand du Parc Locmaria , Kacper Raczy , Harald Schäfer , Adeeb Shihadeh , Weixing Zhang , Yassine Yousfi

Data-driven simulators promise high data-efficiency for driving policy learning. When used for modelling interactions, this data-efficiency becomes a bottleneck: Small underlying datasets often lack interesting and challenging edge cases…

Interactive Imitation Learning deals with training a novice policy from expert demonstrations in an online fashion. The established DAgger algorithm trains a robust novice policy by alternating between interacting with the environment and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Julian Lemmel , Manuel Kranzl , Adam Lamine , Philipp Neubauer , Radu Grosu , Sophie A. Neubauer

Existing architectures for imitation learning using image-to-action policy networks perform poorly when presented with an input image containing multiple instances of the object of interest, especially when the number of expert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Sagar Gubbi Venkatesh , Raviteja Upadrashta , Shishir Kolathaya , Bharadwaj Amrutur

Deep reinforcement Learning for end-to-end driving is limited by the need of complex reward engineering. Sparse rewards can circumvent this challenge but suffers from long training time and leads to sub-optimal policy. In this work, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranav Agarwal , Pierre de Beaucorps , Raoul de Charette