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This paper studies the vulnerability of phasor measurement units (PMUs) to false data injection (FDI) attacks. Prior work demonstrated that unobservable FDI attacks that can bypass traditional bad data detectors based on measurement…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Jiazi Zhang , Zhigang Chu , Lalitha Sankar , Oliver Kosut

In this paper, we consider the problems of state estimation and false data injection detection in smart grid when the measurements are corrupted by colored Gaussian noise. By modeling the noise with the autoregressive process, we estimate…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-07-21 Bo Tang , Jun Yan , Steven Kay , Haibo He

The analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems based on the Koopman operator is attracting attention in various applications. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis, and several variants with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Takehisa Yairi

This paper addresses the secure state estimation problem for continuous linear time-invariant systems with non-periodic and asynchronous sampled measurements, where the sensors need to transmit not only measurements but also sampling…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Zishuo Li , Anh Tung Nguyen , André M. H. Teixeira , Yilin Mo , Karl H. Johansson

This research proposes a machine learning-based attack detection model for power systems, specifically targeting smart grids. By utilizing data and logs collected from Phasor Measuring Devices (PMUs), the model aims to learn system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Diane Tuyizere , Remy Ihabwikuzo

We present a purely data-driven method to pinpoint generation plants that significantly contribute to poorly damped oscillations as part of post-event analysis. First, Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD) is applied on PMU data from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-23 Youhong Chen , Debraj Bhattacharjee , Balarko Chaudhuri

In this paper, we propose and analyze an attack detection scheme for securing the physical layer of a networked control system against attacks where the adversary replaces the true observations with stationary false data. An independent and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-06 Arunava Naha , Andre Teixeira , Anders Ahlen , Subhrakanti Dey

Cloud-based battery management system (BMS) requires accurate terminal voltage measurement data to ensure optimal and safe charging of Lithium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, an adversary can corrupt the battery terminal voltage data as it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Sanchita Ghosh , Tanushree Roy

This paper presents a new framework of identifying a series of cyber data attacks on power system synchrophasor measurements. We focus on detecting "unobservable" cyber data attacks that cannot be detected by any existing method that purely…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Pengzhi Gao , Meng Wang , Joe H. Chow , Scott G. Ghiocel , Bruce Fardanesh , George Stefopoulos , Michael P. Razanousky

Modern adversarial campaigns unfold as sequences of behavioural phases - Reconnaissance, Lateral Movement, Intrusion, and Exfiltration - each often indistinguishable from legitimate traffic when viewed in isolation. Existing intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Prakul Sunil Hiremath , PeerAhammad M Bagawan , Sahil Bhekane

Prior research has demonstrated that global positioning system (GPS) spoofing attacks on phasor measurement units (PMUs) can cripple power system operation. This paper provides an experimental evidence of the feasibility of such an attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Fakhri Saadedeen , Anamitra Pal

Future power networks will be characterized by safe and reliable functionality against physical malfunctions and cyber attacks. This paper proposes a unified framework and advanced monitoring procedures to detect and identify network…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-03-16 Fabio Pasqualetti , Florian Dörfler , Francesco Bullo

Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can be effectively utilized for the monitoring and control of the power grid. As the cyber-world becomes increasingly embedded into power grids, the risks of this inevitable evolution become serious. In this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Ahmad F. Taha , Junjian Qi , Jianhui Wang , Jitesh H. Panchal

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) gives a practical means of extracting dynamic information from data, in the form of spatial modes and their associated frequencies and growth/decay rates. DMD can be considered as a numerical approximation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Hao Zhang , Scott T. M. Dawson , Clarence W. Rowley , Eric A. Deem , Louis N. Cattafesta

This paper proposes a data-driven approach to detect the switching actions and topology transitions in distribution networks. It is based on the real time analysis of time-series voltages measurements. The analysis approach draws on data…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Guido Cavraro , Reza Arghandeh , Alexandra von Meier , Kameshwar Poolla

We consider the problem of estimating the state of a noisy linear dynamical system when an unknown subset of sensors is arbitrarily corrupted by an adversary. We propose a secure state estimation algorithm, and derive (optimal) bounds on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Shaunak Mishra , Yasser Shoukry , Nikhil Karamchandani , Suhas Diggavi , Paulo Tabuada

Recently, moving target defence (MTD) has been proposed to thwart false data injection (FDI) attacks in power system state estimation by proactively triggering the distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices. One of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-22 Wangkun Xu , Imad M. Jaimoukha , Fei Teng

The use of phasor angle measurements provided by phasor measurement units (PMUs) in fault detection is regarded as a promising method in identifying locations of power line outages. However, communication errors or system malfunctions may…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Wen-Tai Li , Chao-Kai Wen , Jung-Chieh Chen , Kai-Kit Wong , Jen-Hao Teng , Chau Yuen

Over the last few decades, extensive use of information and communication technologies has been the main driver of the digitalization of power systems. Proper and secure monitoring of the critical grid infrastructure became an integral part…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yuval Abraham Regev , Henrik Vassdal , Ugur Halden , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Umit Cali

Influenced by deep penetration of the new generation of information technology, power systems have gradually evolved into highly coupled cyber-physical systems (CPS). Among many possible power CPS network attacks, a false data injection…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-03 Zhaoyang Qu , Xiaoyong Bo , Tong Yu , Yaowei Liu , Yunchang Dong , Zhongfeng Kan , Lei Wang , Yang Li