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The spatial Sigma-Delta ($\Sigma\Delta$) architecture can be leveraged to reduce the quantization noise and enhance the effective resolution of few-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at certain spatial frequencies of interest.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Toan-Van Nguyen , Sajjad Nassirpour , Italo Atzeni , Antti Tolli , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Duy H. N. Nguyen

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using continuous aperture array (CAPA) is studied. Compared to the conventional spatially discrete array (SPDA), CAPA significantly enhances the spatial degrees-of-freedoms (DoFs) for DOA estimation,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Haonan Si , Zhaolin Wang , Xiansheng Guo , Jin Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

Direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of multiple signals is pivotal in sensor array signal processing. A popular multi-signal DoA estimation method is the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which enables high-performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Julian P. Merkofer , Guy Revach , Nir Shlezinger , Tirza Routtenberg , Ruud J. G. van Sloun

The direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of sound sources has been a popular signal processing research topic due to its widespread applications. Using spherical microphone arrays (SMA), DOA estimation can be applied in the spherical…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-11-07 Hossein Lolaee , Mohammad Ali Akhaee

The deployment of extremely large-scale array (ELAA) brings higher spectral efficiency and spatial degree of freedom, but triggers issues on near-field channel estimation. Existing near-field channel estimation schemes primarily exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Zhiming Zhu , Shu Xu , Jiexin Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

This paper focuses on channel estimation in single-user and multi-user MIMO systems with multi-antenna base stations equipped with 1-bit spatial sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). A careful selection of the quantization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 R. S. Prasobh Sankar , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri

Millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) is a promising technique for the next generation communication systems. However, the hardware cost and power consumption grow significantly as the number of radio…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Liangyuan Xu , Feifei Gao , Ting Zhou , Shaodan Ma , Wei Zhang

In this article, deep learning is applied to estimate the uplink channels for mixed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where a portion of antennas are equipped with high-resolution…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Shen Gao , Peihao Dong , Zhiwen Pan , Geoffrey Ye Li

Massive MIMO is a variant of multiuser MIMO, where the number of antennas $M$ at the base-station is large, and generally much larger than the number of spatially multiplexed data streams to/from the users. It has been observed that in many…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Saeid Haghighatshoar , Giuseppe Caire

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is expected to play a pivotal role in future wireless sensing networks owing to its potential for high-resolution and high-accuracy sensing. In this work, we investigate a multi-target…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Renwang Li , Shu Sun , Meixia Tao

As a green MIMO structure, the partially-connected hybrid analog and digital (PC-HAD) structure has been widely used in the far-field (FF) scenario for it can significantly reduce the hardware cost and complexity of large-scale or extremely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Jiatong Bai , Yifan Li , Feng Shu , Kang Wei , Cunhua Pan , Yongpeng Wu , Yaoliang Song , Jiangzhou Wang

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for downlink (DL) channel covariance matrix (CCM) estimation for frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with base station (BS) possessing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Melih Can Zerin , Elif Vural , Ali Özgür Yılmaz

Single-snapshot signal processing in sparse linear arrays has become increasingly vital, particularly in dynamic environments like automotive radar systems, where only limited snapshots are available. These arrays are often utilized either…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-14 Ruxin Zheng , Shunqiao Sun , Hongshan Liu , Yimin D. Zhang

The use of low-resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) is a practical solution for reducing cost and power consumption for massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. However, the severe nonlinearity of low-resolution ADCs…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-05 Ly V. Nguyen , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Duy H. N. Nguyen

In practical scenarios, processes such as sensor design, manufacturing, and installation will introduce certain errors. Furthermore, mutual interference occurs when the sensors receive signals. These defects in array systems are referred to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-12 Bo Zhou , Kaijie Xu , Yinghui Quan , Mengdao Xing

Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation using Sparse Linear Arrays (SLAs) has recently gained considerable attention in array processing thanks to their capability to provide enhanced degrees of freedom in resolving uncorrelated source…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-01 Saeid Sedighi , M. R. Bhavani Shankar , Mojtaba Soltanalian , Björn Ottersten

This paper studies the effects of directional antenna element complex gain patterns and nonidealities in direction of arrival (DoA) estimation. We compare sparse arrays and classical uniform linear arrays, harnessing EM simulation tools to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Niko Lindvall , Mikko Heino , Robin Rajamäki , Mikko Valkama , Visa Koivunen

Deep learning (DL) has seen great success in the computer vision (CV) field, and related techniques have been used in security, healthcare, remote sensing, and many other fields. As a parallel development, visual data has become universal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-03 Yu Tian , Gaofeng Pan , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for incoherently distributed (ID) sources is essential in multipath wireless communication scenarios, yet it remains challenging due to the combined effects of angular spread and gain-phase…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 He Xu , Tuo Wu , Wei Liu , Maged Elkashlan , Naofal Al-Dhahir , Merouane Debbah , Chau Yuen , Hing Cheung So

In this paper, we study the problem of direction of arrival estimation and model order selection for systems employing subarray sampling. Thereby, we focus on scenarios, where the number of active sources is not smaller than the number of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Andreas Barthelme , Wolfgang Utschick