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Related papers: Treatment Effects with Targeting Instruments

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We provide an inferential framework to assess variable importance for heterogeneous treatment effects. This assessment is especially useful in high-risk domains such as medicine, where decision makers hesitate to rely on black-box treatment…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Pawel Morzywolek , Peter B. Gilbert , Alex Luedtke

In many practical tasks it is needed to estimate an effect of treatment on individual level. For example, in medicine it is essential to determine the patients that would benefit from a certain medicament. In marketing, knowing the persons…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-28 Aleksey Buzmakov

Many applications of causal inference require using treatment effects estimated on a study population to make decisions in a separate target population. We consider the challenging setting where there are covariates that are observed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Khurram Yamin , Vibhhu Sharma , Ed Kennedy , Bryan Wilder

A common practice in IV studies is to check for instrument strength, i.e. its association to the treatment, with an F-test from regression. If the F-statistic is above some threshold, usually 10, the instrument is deemed to satisfy one of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-03-17 Nan Bi , Hyunseung Kang , Jonathan Taylor

Many proposals for the identification of causal effects require an instrumental variable that satisfies strong, untestable unconfoundedness and exclusion restriction assumptions. In this paper, we show how one can potentially identify…

We revisit the identification argument of Kirkeboen et al. (2016) who showed how one may combine instruments for multiple unordered treatments with information about individuals' ranking of these treatments to achieve identification while…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-10-12 Eskil Heinesen , Christian Hvid , Lars Kirkebøen , Edwin Leuven , Magne Mogstad

Empirical researchers are increasingly faced with rich data sets containing many controls or instrumental variables, making it essential to choose an appropriate approach to variable selection. In this paper, we provide results for valid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-02 Jannis Kueck , Ye Luo , Martin Spindler , Zigan Wang

Longitudinal cohort studies, which follow a group of individuals over time, provide the opportunity to examine causal effects of complex exposures on long-term health outcomes. Utilizing data from multiple cohorts has the potential to add…

Causal inference from observational data requires assumptions. These assumptions range from measuring confounders to identifying instruments. Traditionally, causal inference assumptions have focused on estimation of effects for a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-04 Rajesh Ranganath , Adler Perotte

When the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption is violated and there is interference among units, there is not a uniquely defined Average Treatment Effect, and alternative estimands may be of interest. Among these are average unit-level…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-30 Molly Offer-Westort , Drew Dimmery

Estimation of treatment effect for principal strata has been studied for more than two decades. Existing research exclusively focuses on the estimation, but there is little research on forming and testing hypotheses for principal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-20 Yongming Qu , Stephen J. Ruberg , Junxiang Luo , Ilya Lipkovich

Recent work has focused on nonparametric estimation of conditional treatment effects, but inference has remained relatively unexplored. We propose a class of nonparametric tests for both quantitative and qualitative treatment effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Oliver Dukes , Mats J. Stensrud , Riccardo Brioschi , Aaron Hudson

The presence of confounding by high-dimensional variables complicates estimation of the average effect of a point treatment. On the one hand, it necessitates the use of variable selection strategies or more general data-adaptive…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-15 Vahe Avagyan , Stijn Vansteelandt

We consider estimation and inference of the effects of a policy in the absence of an untreated or control group. We obtain unbiased estimators of individual (heterogeneous) treatment effects and a consistent and asymptotically normal…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-13 Irene Botosaru , Raffaella Giacomini , Martin Weidner

We consider the identification of average treatment effects on the treated (ATT) in difference-in-differences (DiD) settings in the presence of endogenous sample selection. We first establish that the conventional DiD estimand generally…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-17 Gayani Rathnayake , Akanksha Negi , Otavio Bartalotti , Xueyan Zhao

The paper proposes an estimator to make inference of heterogeneous treatment effects sorted by impact groups (GATES) for non-randomised experiments. The groups can be understood as a broader aggregation of the conditional average treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-03-30 Daniel Jacob

Difference-in-differences estimation is a widely used method of program evaluation. When treatment is implemented in different places at different times, researchers often use two-way fixed effects to control for location-specific and…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-25 Pamela Jakiela

Two broad positions within statistics define a treatment effect, on the one hand, as a parameter of a statistical model, and on the other, as an appropriate population-level difference in outcomes or counterfactual outcomes under the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-01-23 Heather Battey , Charlotte Edgar

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects is important to tailor treatments to those individuals who would most likely benefit. However, conditional average treatment effect predictors may often be trained on one population but possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Christoph Kern , Michael Kim , Angela Zhou

We investigate the task of estimating the conditional average causal effect of treatment-dosage pairs from a combination of observational data and assumptions on the causal relationships in the underlying system. This has been a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alexis Bellot , Anish Dhir , Giulia Prando