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On-device training is essential for user personalisation and privacy. With the pervasiveness of IoT devices and microcontroller units (MCUs), this task becomes more challenging due to the constrained memory and compute resources, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Young D. Kwon , Rui Li , Stylianos I. Venieris , Jagmohan Chauhan , Nicholas D. Lane , Cecilia Mascolo

Emerging research in edge devices and micro-controller units (MCU) enables on-device computation of Deep Learning Training and Inferencing tasks. More recently, contemporary trends focus on making the Deep Neural Net (DNN) Models runnable…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ziliang Zhang

This paper introduces a novel framework for designing efficient neural network architectures specifically tailored to tiny machine learning (TinyML) platforms. By leveraging large language models (LLMs) for neural architecture search (NAS),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Christophe El Zeinaty , Wassim Hamidouche , Glenn Herrou , Daniel Menard , Merouane Debbah

While deep neural network (DNN)-based video denoising has demonstrated significant performance, deploying state-of-the-art models on edge devices remains challenging due to stringent real-time and energy efficiency requirements.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shan Gao , Zhiqiang Wu , Yawen Niu , Xiaotao Li , Qingqing Xu

This paper proposes a hardware-aware intrusion detection system (IDS) for Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) networks; it targets scenarios where classification is essential for fast, privacy-preserving, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ali Diab , Adel Chehade , Edoardo Ragusa , Paolo Gastaldo , Rodolfo Zunino , Amer Baghdadi , Mostafa Rizk

Edge intelligence enables resource-demanding Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference without transferring original data, addressing concerns about data privacy in consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For privacy-sensitive applications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xueshuo Xie , Haoxu Wang , Zhaolong Jian , Tao Li , Wei Wang , Zhiwei Xu , Guiling Wang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exhibit remarkable performance in various machine learning tasks. As sensor-equipped internet of things (IoT) devices permeate into every aspect of modern life, it is increasingly important to run CNN…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-23 Mohammad Motamedi , Daniel Fong , Soheil Ghiasi

This work presents MicroNAS, an automated neural architecture search tool specifically designed to create models optimized for microcontrollers with small memory resources. The ESP32 microcontroller, with 320 KB of memory, is used as the…

Deep neural networks have become ubiquitous for applications related to visual recognition and language understanding tasks. However, it is often prohibitive to use typical neural networks on devices like mobile phones or smart watches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Sujith Ravi

The success of deep neural networks (DNN) in machine perception applications such as image classification and speech recognition comes at the cost of high computation and storage complexity. Inference of uncompressed large scale DNN models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Yihao Fang , Shervin Manzuri Shalmani , Rong Zheng

Designing deep learning models for highly-constrained hardware would allow imbuing many edge devices with intelligence. Microcontrollers (MCUs) are an attractive platform for building smart devices due to their low cost, wide availability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Edgar Liberis , Nicholas D. Lane

Deploying federated learning across heterogeneous IoT device fleets requires tailored neural network architectures for each device class, yet existing Federated Neural Architecture Search (FedNAS) methods suffer from unguided supernet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bostan Khan , Masoud Daneshtalab

With the recent growth in demand for large-scale deep neural networks, compute in-memory (CiM) has come up as a prominent solution to alleviate bandwidth and on-chip interconnect bottlenecks that constrain Von-Neuman architectures. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Souvik Kundu , Anthony Sarah , Vinay Joshi , Om J Omer , Sreenivas Subramoney

On-device training enables the model to adapt to new data collected from the sensors by fine-tuning a pre-trained model. Users can benefit from customized AI models without having to transfer the data to the cloud, protecting the privacy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ji Lin , Ligeng Zhu , Wei-Ming Chen , Wei-Chen Wang , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) promises to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial maintenance by running machine learning models on low-power embedded systems. However, the complex optimizations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Emil Njor , Colby Banbury , Xenofon Fafoutis

Designing domain specific neural networks is a time-consuming, error-prone, and expensive task. Neural Architecture Search (NAS) exists to simplify domain-specific model development but there is a gap in the literature for time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tobias King , Yexu Zhou , Tobias Röddiger , Michael Beigl

With the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI), new attention has been given to implement AI algorithms on resource constrained tiny devices to expand the application domain of IoT. Multimodal Learning has recently become very popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Hasib-Al Rashid , Pretom Roy Ovi , Carl Busart , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Tinoosh Mohsenin

DTMM is a library designed for efficient deployment and execution of machine learning models on weak IoT devices such as microcontroller units (MCUs). The motivation for designing DTMM comes from the emerging field of tiny machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Lixiang Han , Zhen Xiao , Zhenjiang Li

The acceleration of pruned Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on edge devices such as Microcontrollers (MCUs) is a challenging task, given the tight area- and power-constraints of these devices. In this work, we propose a three-fold contribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Francesco Daghero , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Massimo Poncino , Alessio Burrello

Deep Neural Networks are becoming increasingly popular in always-on IoT edge devices performing data analytics right at the source, reducing latency as well as energy consumption for data communication. This paper presents CMSIS-NN,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda , Vikas Chandra