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The segmentation-free research efforts for addressing handwritten text recognition can be divided into three categories: connectionist temporal classification (CTC), hidden Markov model and encoder-decoder methods. In this paper, inspired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zi-Rui Wang

Cross-database micro-expression recognition (CDMER) is one of recently emerging and interesting problem in micro-expression analysis. CDMER is more challenging than the conventional micro-expression recognition (MER), because the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yuan Zong , Tong Zhang , Wenming Zheng , Xiaopeng Hong , Chuangao Tang , Zhen Cui , Guoying Zhao

This paper presents a temporal classification method for all three subtasks of symbol segmentation, symbol recognition and relation classification in online handwritten mathematical expressions (HMEs). The classification model is trained by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Thanh-Nghia Truong , Hung Tuan Nguyen , Masaki Nakagawa

Human Mesh Recovery (HMR) is an important yet challenging problem with applications across various domains including motion capture, augmented reality, and biomechanics. Accurately predicting human pose parameters from a single image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jaewoo Heo , George Hu , Zeyu Wang , Serena Yeung-Levy

We demonstrate that an attention-based encoder-decoder model can be used for sentence-level grammatical error identification for the Automated Evaluation of Scientific Writing (AESW) Shared Task 2016. The attention-based encoder-decoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-19 Allen Schmaltz , Yoon Kim , Alexander M. Rush , Stuart M. Shieber

The handwritten text recognition problem is widely studied by the researchers of computer vision community due to its scope of improvement and applicability to daily lives, It is a sub-domain of pattern recognition. Due to advancement of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Lalita Kumari , Sukhdeep Singh , VVS Rathore , Anuj Sharma

Hierarchical and complex Mathematical Expression Recognition (MER) is challenging due to multiple possible interpretations of a formula, complicating both parsing and evaluation. In this paper, we introduce the Hierarchical Detail-Focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Jiale Wang , Junhui Yu , Huanyong Liu , Chenanran Kong

Micro-expressions (MEs) are involuntary movements revealing people's hidden feelings, which has attracted numerous interests for its objectivity in emotion detection. However, despite its wide applications in various scenarios,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jingyao Wang , Yunhan Tian , Yuxuan Yang , Xiaoxin Chen , Changwen Zheng , Wenwen Qiang

Facial micro-expression recognition (MER) is a challenging task, due to the transience, subtlety, and dynamics of micro-expressions (MEs). Most existing methods resort to hand-crafted features or deep networks, in which the former often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhiwen Shao , Yifan Cheng , Fan Zhang , Xuehuai Shi , Canlin Li , Lizhuang Ma , Dit-yan Yeung

The attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) speech recognition model has been widely successful in recent years. However, the joint optimization of acoustic model and language model in end-to-end manner has created challenges for text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Shaoshi Ling , Guoli Ye , Rui Zhao , Yifan Gong

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown high performance for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) across several tasks. Addressing overconfidence in such models, in this paper we introduce the concept of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-16 Timo Lohrenz , Patrick Schwarz , Zhengyang Li , Tim Fingscheidt

Transformer models typically calculate attention matrices using dot products, which have limitations when capturing nonlinear relationships between embedding vectors. We propose Neural Attention, a technique that replaces dot products with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Andrew DiGiugno , Ausif Mahmood

In large language models built upon the Transformer architecture, recent studies have shown that inter-head interaction can enhance attention performance. Motivated by this, we propose Multi-head Explicit Attention (MEA), a simple yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Runyu Peng , Yunhua Zhou , Demin Song , Kai Lv , Bo Wang , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Transformers and their attention mechanism have been revolutionary in the field of Machine Learning. While originally proposed for the language data, they quickly found their way to the image, video, graph, etc. data modalities with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Saeed Amizadeh , Sara Abdali , Yinheng Li , Kazuhito Koishida

In recent years, the popular Transformer architecture has achieved great success in many application areas, including natural language processing and computer vision. Many existing works aim to reduce the computational and memory complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Zhe Chen

Micro-expression recognition (MER) is crucial in the affective computing field due to its wide application in medical diagnosis, lie detection, and criminal investigation. Despite its significance, obtaining micro-expression (ME)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jiateng Liu , Hengcan Shi , Feng Chen , Zhiwen Shao , Yaonan Wang , Jianfei Cai , Wenming Zheng

The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

Deep learning based computer vision fails to work when labeled images are scarce. Recently, Meta learning algorithm has been confirmed as a promising way to improve the ability of learning from few images for computer vision. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Yunxiao Qin , Chenxu Zhao , Zezheng Wang , Junliang Xing , Jun Wan , Zhen Lei

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

Printed mathematical expression recognition (MER) models are usually trained and tested using LaTeX-generated mathematical expressions (MEs) as input and the LaTeX source code as ground truth. As the same ME can be generated by various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Felix M. Schmitt-Koopmann , Elaine M. Huang , Hans-Peter Hutter , Thilo Stadelmann , Alireza Darvishy