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The Lightning Network, known for its millisecond settlement speeds and low transaction fees, offers a compelling alternative to traditional payment processors, which often have higher fees and longer processing times. This is particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jeffy Yu

Payment channels are the most prominent solution to the blockchain scalability problem. We introduce the problem of network design with fees for payment channels from the perspective of a Payment Service Provider (PSP). Given a set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Georgia Avarikioti , Gerrit Janssen , Yuyi Wang , Roger Wattenhofer

In this work, we reexamine the vulnerability of Payment Channel Networks (PCNs) to bribing attacks, where an adversary incentivizes blockchain miners to deliberately ignore a specific transaction to undermine the punishment mechanism of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Zeta Avarikioti , Paweł Kędzior , Tomasz Lizurej , Tomasz Michalak

Cross-chain technology enables interoperability among otherwise isolated blockchains, supporting interactions across heterogeneous networks. Similar to how multi-hop communication became fundamental in the evolution of the Internet, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Minghui Xu , Yihao Guo , Yanqiang Zhang , Zhiguang Shan , Guangyong Shang , Zhen Ma , Bin Xiao , Xiuzhen Cheng

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) is a new class of network architectures designed to address some key limitations of the current IP-based Internet. One of its main features is in-network content caching, which allows requests for content to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-01-07 Cesar Ghali , Gene Tsudik , Christopher A. Wood , Edmund Yeh

The Lightning Network is a scaling solution for Bitcoin that promises to enable rapid and private payment processing. In Lightning, multi-hop payments are secured by utilizing Hashed Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) and encrypted on the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Elias Rohrer , Florian Tschorsch

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have made payment transactions possible without a trusted third party, but they have a scalability issue due to their consensus mechanisms. Payment networks have emerged to overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junmo Lee , Seongjun Kim , Sanghyeon Park , Soo-Mook Moon

We investigate the robustness of Public Transport Networks (PTNs) when subjected to route attacks, focusing specifically on public bus lines. Such attacks, mirroring real-world scenarios, offer insight into the multifaceted dynamics of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-20 Tomás Cicchini , Inés Caridi , Leonardo Ermannn

Content-Centric Networking (CCN) research addresses the mismatch between the modern usage of the Internet and its outdated architecture. Importantly, CCN routers may locally cache frequently requested content in order to speed up delivery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-14 Harald Beck , Bruno Bierbaumer , Minh Dao-Tran , Thomas Eiter , Hermann Hellwagner , Konstantin Schekotihin

A payment channel network is a blockchain-based overlay mechanism that allows parties to transact more efficiently than directly using the blockchain. These networks are composed of payment channels that carry transactions between pairs of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Suryanarayana Sankagiri , Bruce Hajek

Public blockchains inherently offer low throughput and high latency, motivating off-chain scalability solutions such as Payment Channel Networks (PCNs). However, existing PCNs suffer from liquidity fragmentation-funds locked in one channel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ayush Nainwal , Atharva Kamble , Nitin Awathare

Credit networks rely on decentralized, pairwise trust relationships (channels) to exchange money or goods. Credit networks arise naturally in many financial systems, including the recent construct of payment channel networks in blockchain…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Vibhaalakshmi Sivaraman , Weizhao Tang , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan , Giulia Fanti , Mohammad Alizadeh

With the increasing scale of communication networks, the likelihood of failures grows as well. Since these networks form a critical backbone of our digital society, it is important that they rely on robust routing algorithms which ensure…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Christoph Lenzen , Moti Medina , Mehrdad Saberi , Stefan Schmid

Despite being under development for over 15 years, transaction throughput remains one of the key challenges confronting blockchains, which typically has a cap of a limited number of transactions per second. A fundamental factor limiting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Evangelos Kolyvas , Alexandros Antonov , Spyros Voulgaris

Cryptocurrency off-chain networks such as Lightning (e.g., Bitcoin) or Raiden (e.g., Ethereum) aim to increase the scalability of traditional on-chain transactions. To support nodes in learning about possible paths to route their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Utz Nisslmueller , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

Existing permissionless blockchain solutions rely on peer-to-peer propagation mechanisms, where nodes in a network transfer transaction they received to their neighbors. Unfortunately, there is no explicit incentive for such transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Oguzhan Ersoy , Zhijie Ren , Zekeriya Erkin , Reginald L. Lagendijk

Cryptocurrencies redefined how money can be stored and transferred among users. However, independent of the amount being sent, public blockchain-based cryptocurrencies suffer from high transaction waiting times and fees. These drawbacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Enes Erdin , Suat Mercan , Kemal Akkaya

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of authenticated throughput-efficient routing in an unreliable and dynamically changing synchronous network in which the majority of malicious insiders try to destroy and alter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-01-04 Yair Amir , Paul Bunn , Rafail Ostrovksy

The Lightning Network promises to alleviate Bitcoin's known scalability problems. The operation of such second layer approaches relies on the ability of participants to turn to the blockchain to claim funds at any time, which is assumed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jona Harris , Aviv Zohar

Blockchain (BC) systems are highly distributed peer-to-peer networks that offer an alternative to centralized services and promise robustness to coordinated attacks. However, the resilience and overall security of a BC system rests heavily…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Aristodemos Paphitis , Nicolas Kourtellis , Michael Sirivianos