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Payment channel hub (PCH), by leveraging a powerful hub to reliably provide off-chain payment services, offers an effective enhancement to payment channel networks (PCNs). However, existing approaches typically rely on a single hub to relay…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Lingxiao Yang , Xuewen Dong , Wei Wang , Yong Yu , Sheng Gao , Qiang Qu , Yulong Shen

Payment channel networks (PCNs) enhance the scalability of blockchains by allowing parties to conduct transactions off-chain, i.e, without broadcasting every transaction to all blockchain participants. To conduct transactions, a sender and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Oğuzhan Ersoy , Jérémie Decouchant , Satwik Prabhu Kimble , Stefanie Roos

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are viewed as one of the most promising scalability solutions for cryptocurrencies today. Roughly, PCNs are networks where each node represents a user and each directed, weighted edge represents funds…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Weizhao Tang , Weina Wang , Giulia Fanti , Sewoong Oh

The Lightning Network is the most widely used payment channel network (PCN) to date, making it an attractive attack surface for adversaries. In this paper, we analyze the Lightning Network's PCN topology and investigate its resilience…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Elias Rohrer , Julian Malliaris , Florian Tschorsch

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising solution to the scalability problem of cryptocurrencies. Any two users connected by a payment channel in the network can theoretically send an unbounded number of instant, costless…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Zeta Avarikioti , Tomasz Lizurej , Tomasz Michalak , Michelle Yeo

Targeted attacks against network infrastructure are notoriously difficult to guard against. In the case of communication networks, such attacks can leave users vulnerable to censorship and surveillance, even when cryptography is used. Much…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Edward L. Platt , Daniel M. Romero

Payment channel networks use off-chain transactions to provide virtually arbitrary transaction rates. In this paper, we provide a new perspective on payment channels and consider them as a flow network. We propose an extended push-relabel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Elias Rohrer , Jann-Frederik Laß , Florian Tschorsch

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are a promising approach to making cryptocurrency transactions faster and more scalable. At their core, PCNs bypass the blockchain by routing transactions through intermediary channels. However, a channel can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Marcin Bienkowski , Julien Dallot , Dominik Danelski , Maciej Pacut , Stefan Schmid

The last decade has experienced a vast interest in Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies with a specific focus on the applications of this technology. However, slow confirmation times of transactions and unforeseeable high fees hamper their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Suat Mercan , Enes Erdin , Kemal Akkaya

Payment channel networks, such as Bitcoin's Lightning Network, promise to improve the scalability of blockchain systems by processing the majority of transactions off-chain. Due to the design, the positioning of nodes in the network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Kimberly Lange , Elias Rohrer , Florian Tschorsch

The Lightning Network is a peer-to-peer network designed to address Bitcoin's scalability challenges, facilitating rapid, cost-effective, and instantaneous transactions through bidirectional, blockchain-backed payment channels among network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Sindura Saraswathi , Christian Kümmerle

Security can be seen as an optimisation objective in NoC resource management, and as such poses trade-offs against other objectives such as real-time schedulability. In this paper, we show how to increase NoC resilience against a concrete…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-13 Leandro Soares Indrusiak , James Harbin , Martha Johanna Sepulveda

Payment channel networks like Bitcoin's Lightning network are an auspicious approach for realizing high transaction throughput and almost-instant confirmations in blockchain networks. However, the ability to successfully make payments in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Oguzhan Ersoy , Stefanie Roos , Zekeriya Erkin

Payment channel is a protocol which allows cryptocurrency users to route multiple transactions through network without committing them to the main blockchain network (mainnet). This ability makes them the most prominent solution to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-08 MohammadAmin Fazli , Seyed Moeen Nehzati , MohammadAmin Salarkia

Most permissionless blockchain networks run on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, which offer flexibility and decentralization at the expense of performance (e.g., network latency). Historically, this tradeoff has not been a bottleneck for most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Weizhao Tang , Lucianna Kiffer , Giulia Fanti , Ari Juels

Nodes in route-restricted overlays have an immutable set of neighbors, explicitly specified by their users. Popular examples include payment networks such as the Lightning network as well as social overlays such as the Dark Freenet. Routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Martin Byrenheid , Stefanie Roos , Thorsten Strufe

Payment networks, also known as channels, are a most promising solution to the throughput problem of cryptocurrencies. In this paper we study the design of capital-efficient payment networks, offline as well as online variants. We want to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Georgia Avarikioti , Yuyi Wang , Roger Wattenhofer

We introduce a family of PCNs (Payment Channel Networks) characterized by a semi-hierarchical topology and a custom set of channel rebalancing strategies. This family exhibits two interesting benefits, if used as a platform for large-scale,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Marco Benedetti , Francesco De Sclavis , Marco Favorito , Giuseppe Galano , Sara Giammusso , Antonio Muci , Matteo Nardelli

The payment channel, which allows two parties to perform micropayments without involving the blockchain, has become a promising proposal to improve the scalability of decentralized ledgers such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Payment channels have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-02 YongJie Ye , Jingjing Zhang , Weigang Wu , Xiapu Luo , Jiannong Cao

Cryptocurrency networks such as Bitcoin have emerged as a distributed alternative to traditional centralized financial transaction networks. However, there are major challenges in scaling up the throughput of such networks. Lightning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Siva Theja Maguluri