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Explainable AI (XAI) has become an increasingly important topic for understanding and attributing the predictions made by complex Time Series Classification (TSC) models. Among attribution methods, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Davide Italo Serramazza , Nikos Papadeas , Zahraa Abdallah , Georgiana Ifrim

Classification is one of the widely used analytical techniques in data science domain across different business to associate a pattern which contribute to the occurrence of certain event which is predicted with some likelihood. This Paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-28 Kumarjit Pathak , Jitin Kapila , Aasheesh Barvey

In this work, we propose a model-agnostic instance-based post-hoc explainability method for time series classification. The proposed algorithm, namely Time-CF, leverages shapelets and TimeGAN to provide counterfactual explanations for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Qi Huang , Wei Chen , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Time series prediction underpins a broad range of downstream tasks across many scientific domains. Recent advances and increasing adoption of black-box machine learning models for time series prediction highlight the critical need for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Junghwan Lee , Chen Xu , Yao Xie

Understanding why a neural network model makes certain decisions can be as important as the inference performance. Various methods have been proposed to help practitioners explain the prediction of a neural network model, of which Shapley…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yong Zhao , Runxin He , Nicholas Kersting , Can Liu , Shubham Agrawal , Chiranjeet Chetia , Yu Gu

Machine learning models have undeniably achieved impressive performance across a range of applications. However, their often perceived black-box nature, and lack of transparency in decision-making, have raised concerns about understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Sein Minn

How can we explain the predictions of a machine learning model? When the data is structured as a multivariate time series, this question induces additional difficulties such as the necessity for the explanation to embody the time dependency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Jonathan Crabbé , Mihaela van der Schaar

Temporal Graph Neural Networks (TGNNs) have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their superior predictive performance by combining both spatial and temporal information. However, how these models utilize the information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lea-Marie Sussek , Stefan Heindorf

This paper presents a novel framework for demystification of convolutional deep learning models for time-series analysis. This is a step towards making informed/explainable decisions in the domain of time-series, powered by deep learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Shoaib Ahmed Siddiqui , Dominik Mercier , Mohsin Munir , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Comparing many long time series is challenging to do by hand. Clustering time series enables data analysts to discover relevance between and anomalies among multiple time series. However, even after reasonable clustering, analysts have to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Nicholas Ruta , Naoko Sawada , Katy McKeough , Michael Behrisch , Johanna Beyer

Post-hoc explanations of machine learning models are crucial for people to understand and act on algorithmic predictions. An intriguing class of explanations is through counterfactuals, hypothetical examples that show people how to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Ramaravind Kommiya Mothilal , Amit Sharma , Chenhao Tan

The widespread adoption of black-box models in Artificial Intelligence has enhanced the need for explanation methods to reveal how these obscure models reach specific decisions. Retrieving explanations is fundamental to unveil possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Francesco Bodria , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti , Francesca Naretto , Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Explainability is motivated by the lack of transparency of black-box Machine Learning approaches, which do not foster trust and acceptance of Machine Learning algorithms. This also happens in the Predictive Process Monitoring field, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Williams Rizzi , Marco Comuzzi , Chiara Di Francescomarino , Chiara Ghidini , Suhwan Lee , Fabrizio Maria Maggi , Alexander Nolte

Time-series anomaly detection is a popular topic in both academia and industrial fields. Many companies need to monitor thousands of temporal signals for their applications and services and require instant feedback and alerts for potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Yuanxiang Ying , Juanyong Duan , Chunlei Wang , Yujing Wang , Congrui Huang , Bixiong Xu

Using machine learning in high-stakes applications often requires predictions to be accompanied by explanations comprehensible to the domain user, who has ultimate responsibility for decisions and outcomes. Recently, a new framework for…

In the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, time series forecasting plays a pivotal role across various domains such as finance, healthcare, and weather. However, the task of selecting the most suitable forecasting method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Anvitha Thirthapura Sreedhara , Joaquin Vanschoren

Time series classification is an important task in its own right, and it is often a precursor to further downstream analytics. To date, virtually all works in the literature have used either shape-based classification using a distance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Sara Alaee , Alireza Abdoli , Christian Shelton , Amy C. Murillo , Alec C. Gerry , Eamonn Keogh

Transformers have achieved superior performances in many tasks in natural language processing and computer vision, which also triggered great interest in the time series community. Among multiple advantages of Transformers, the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Qingsong Wen , Tian Zhou , Chaoli Zhang , Weiqi Chen , Ziqing Ma , Junchi Yan , Liang Sun

The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has greatly advanced in recent years, but progress has mainly been made in computer vision and natural language processing. For time series, where the input is often not interpretable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Johanna Vielhaben , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Grégoire Montavon , Wojciech Samek

The main objective of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is to provide effective explanations for black-box classifiers. The existing literature lists many desirable properties for explanations to be useful, but there is no consensus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Elvio G. Amparore , Alan Perotti , Paolo Bajardi