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The occurrence of extreme (rogue) waves in the ocean is for the most part still shrouded in mystery, as the rare nature of these events makes them difficult to analyze with traditional methods. Modern data mining and machine learning…

Topographic complexity on continental shelves is the catalyst that transforms the barotropic tide into the secondary and residual circulations that dominate vertical and cross-shelf mixing processes. Island wakes are one such example that…

During the last ice age several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events took place. Known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events their effects were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest temperature anomalies.…

In quantum cosmological models, constructed in the framework of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metrics, a nucleation of the Universe with its further expansion is described as a tunneling transition through an effective barrier between regions…

This paper develops a threshold model with a time-varying threshold, represented using a wavelet series expansion. The model adequately captures irregular and abrupt variations, as well as smooth changes in the threshold parameter, allowing…

Accurately quantifying air-sea fluxes is important for understanding air-sea interactions and improving coupled weather and climate systems. This study introduces a probabilistic framework to represent the highly variable nature of air-sea…

Distributions of wave characteristics of ocean waves, such as wave slope, waveheight or wavelength, are an important tool in a variety of oceanographic applications such as safety of ocean structures or in the study of ship stability, as…

In this paper we consider fundamental processes of the disturbance and propagation of internal gravity waves in the ocean modeled as a vertically stratified, horizontally non-uniform, and non-stationary medium. We develop asymptotic methods…

We investigate gas transfer processes occurring at the air-water interface of progressive water waves using high-fidelity numerical simulations. Waves with varying initial steepness, including regular wave patterns, mild spilling and…

Wind-generated waves are often treated as stochastic processes. There is particular interest in their spectral density functions, which are often expressed in some parametric form. Such spectral density functions are used as inputs when…

Simultaneous measurements of sea spray aerosol (SSA), wind, wave, underwater acoustic noise, and microwave brightness temperature are obtained in the open ocean. These data are analyzed to clarify the ocean surface processes important to…

Chen et al. (Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 78, pp. 88-105, 2019) recently proposed a two-dimensional continuum model for linear gravity waves propagating in ice-covered seas. It is based on a two-layer formulation where the ice cover is viewed as…

Wind-forced near-inertial waves (NIWs) propagate through a sea of mesoscale eddies, which can fundamentally alter their evolution. The nature of this NIW--mesoscale interaction depends on how dispersive the waves are. For weakly dispersive…

We study the diffusion of ocean waves by ice bodies much smaller than a wavelength, such as pancakes and small ice floes. We argue that inhomogeneities in the ice cover at scales comparable to that of the wavelength significantly increase…

Glacial cycles redistribute water between oceans and continents causing pressure changes in the upper mantle, with consequences for melting of Earth's interior. Using Plio-Pleistocene sea-level variations as a forcing function, theoretical…

A fully nonlinear, three-dimensional numerical model is developed for the simulation of tidal flow over arbitrary bottom topography in an ocean with realistic stratification. The model is capable of simulating accurately the generation of…

Atomic clocks are at the leading edge of accuracy and precision and are essential for synchronization of distributed critical infrastructure, position, navigation and timing, and scientific applications. There has been a breakthrough in the…

We prove wave breaking --- bounded solutions with unbounded derivatives --- in the nonlinear nonlocal equations which combine the dispersion relation of water waves and the nonlinear shallow water equations, and which generalize the Whitham…

In the era of climate change, the distribution of climate variables evolves with changes not limited to the mean value. Consequently, clustering algorithms based on central tendency could produce misleading results when used to summarize…

Sea ice mechanical properties are involved in dynamical processes acting from the scale of meters to several hundred kilometers. The current rapid changes in the state of polar sea ice require a better understanding and modeling of these…