Related papers: Incentivizing Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotic Developme…
In this study we consider the shortest path problem, where the arc costs are subject to distributional uncertainty. Basically, the decision-maker attempts to minimize her worst-case expected loss over an ambiguity set (or a family) of…
An antibiogram is a periodic summary of antibiotic resistance results of organisms from infected patients to selected antimicrobial drugs. Antibiograms help clinicians to understand regional resistance rates and select appropriate…
Epidemic control frequently relies on adjusting interventions based on prevalence. But designing such policies is a highly non-trivial problem due to uncertain intervention effects, costs and the difficulty of quantifying key transmission…
Cashback reward programs now serve as central instruments in the competitive landscape of cards, digital wallets, and payment platforms. Despite their financial significance, the business logic governing these programs is seldom treated as…
In this paper, we study the problem of robust phase recovery. We investigate a novel approach based on extremely quantized (one-bit) phase-less measurements and a corresponding recovery scheme. The proposed approach has surprising…
Banks routinely use neural networks to make decisions. While these models offer higher accuracy, they are susceptible to adversarial attacks, a risk often overlooked in the context of event sequences, particularly sequences of financial…
Fungicide mixtures produced by the agrochemical industry often contain low-risk fungicides, to which fungal pathogens are fully sensitive, together with high-risk fungicides known to be prone to fungicide resistance. Can these mixtures…
The aim of this paper is to show that in some cases risk averse multistage stochastic programming problems can be reformulated in a form of risk neutral setting. This is achieved by a change of the reference probability measure making…
We propose a new penalty, the springback penalty, for constructing models to recover an unknown signal from incomplete and inaccurate measurements. Mathematically, the springback penalty is a weakly convex function. It bears various…
With almost 50% of annual commercial drug approvals being Personalised Medicine (PM) and its huge potential to improve quality of life, this emerging medical sector has received increased attention from the industry and medical research,…
Many organisms and cell types, from bacteria to cancer cells, exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to fluctuating environments. Additionally, cells can leverage a memory of past environments to better survive previously-encountered…
In this manuscript we apply stochastic modeling to investigate the risk of reactivation of latent mycobacterial infections in patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. First, we review the perspective proposed by…
Deep models are being applied in numerous fields and have become a new important digital product. Meanwhile, previous studies have shown that deep models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, in which compromised models return…
Controlling recurrent infectious diseases is a vital yet complicated problem. In this paper, we propose a novel active screening model (ACTS) and algorithms to facilitate active screening for recurrent diseases (no permanent immunity) under…
Jailbreak attacks pose persistent threats to large language models (LLMs). Current safety alignment methods have attempted to address these issues, but they experience two significant limitations: insufficient safety alignment depth and…
Clinical trials constitute a critical yet exceptionally challenging and costly stage of drug development (\$2.6B per drug), where protocols are encoded as complex natural language documents, motivating the use of AI systems beyond manual…
We show that global constraints on finite domains like all-different can be reformulated into answer set programs on which we achieve arc, bound or range consistency. These reformulations offer a number of other advantages beyond providing…
Designing a single molecule that modulates two targets is a promising strategy for polypharmacology, but it remains substantially harder than standard single-target generation because one candidate must satisfy two binding requirements…
Mutation rate is a key determinant of the pace as well as outcome of evolution, and variability in this rate has been shown in different scenarios to play a key role in evolutionary adaptation and resistance evolution under stress caused by…
The study of competition among brands in a common category is an interesting strategic issue for involved firms. Sales monitoring and prediction of competitors' performance represent relevant tools for management. In the pharmaceutical…