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We consider the generic model of a finite-size quantum electron system connected to two (temperature and particle) reservoirs. The quantum open system is driven out of equilibrium by the presence of both a temperature and a chemical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-04 H. Ness

A quantum battery is a temporary energy-storage system. We constructed the quantum battery model of an N-spin chain with nearest-neighbor hopping interaction and investigated the charging process of the quantum battery. We obtained the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-16 Fang Zhao , Fu-Quan Dou , Qing Zhao

We suggest a generalisation of the expression of the nonequilibrium density matrix obtained by Hershfield's method for the cases where both heat and charge steady state currents are present in a quantum open system. The finite-size quantum…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-12-15 H. Ness

We show that a cyclic unitary process can extract work from the thermodynamic equilibrium state of an engineered quantum dissipative process. Systems in the equilibrium states of these processes serve as batteries, storing energy. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-05 Felipe Barra

Periodic driving is used to steer physical systems to unique stationary states or nonequilibrium steady states (NESS), producing enhanced properties inaccessible to non-driven systems. For open quantum systems, characterizing the NESS is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Milan Šindelka , David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky

Quantum coherence represented by a superposition of energy eigenstates is, together with energy, an important resource for quantum technology and thermodynamics. Energy and quantum coherence however, can be complementary. The increase of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-17 Mariia Gumberidze , Michal Kolář , Radim Filip

We present a collision model for the charging of a quantum battery by identical nonequilibrium qubit units. When the units are prepared in a mixture of energy eigenstates, the energy gain in the battery can be described by a classical…

We investigate the steady-state charging process of a single-cell quantum battery embedded in an N-cell star network of qubits, each interacting with a fermion reservoir, collectively and individually in equilibrium and non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-26 F. H. Kamin , S. Salimi , M. B. Arjmandi

Quantum batteries have recently emerged as promising candidates for microscopic energy-storage technologies exploiting uniquely quantum mechanical effects. In this work, we introduce the concept of a quantum capacitor, a quantum device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Saeed Haddadi

A quantum battery is a device where an energy is charged by using a quantum effect. Here, we propose a quantum battery with a charger system composed of $N$ qubits by utilizing a collective effect called a superabsorption. Importantly, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Yudai Ueki , Shunsuke Kamimura , Yuichiro Matsuzaki , Kyo Yoshida , Yasuhiro Tokura

We propose a fully operational framework to study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a quantum system $S$ that is coupled to a detector $D$ whose state is continuously monitored, allowing to single out individual quantum trajectories of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 P. G. Di Stefano , J. J. Alonso , E. Lutz , G. Falci , M. Paternostro

We consider the dissipative charging process of quantum batteries in terms of a collisional model, where the batteries are coupled to a heat bath using non-energy preserving interactions. First, we show that for low temperatures the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Franco Mayo , Augusto J. Roncaglia

We analyze the non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of a one dimensional harmonic chain of $N$ atoms with alternating masses connected to heat reservoirs at unequal temperatures. We find that the temperature profile defined through the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Venkateshan Kannan , Abhishek Dhar , J. L. Lebowitz

Harnessing quantum phenomena in energy storage systems offers an opportunity to introduce a new generation of batteries with quantum-enhanced performance. Until now, the quantum battery has largely remained a theoretical concept, with…

In realistic open-system environments, decoherence and dissipation naturally drive quantum batteries toward passive states, thereby limiting their maximum extractable work (ergotropy). While quantum catalysis has been proposed to mitigate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Shun-Cai Zhao

Quantum batteries utilize nonclassical resources to achieve charging speed and energy storage performances that surpass classical thermodynamic limits. However, the practical realization of quantum batteries is often constrained by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Fan Yang , Hui Wang , Yusef Maleki , William J. Munro , Girish S. Agarwal , Marlan O. Scully

Quantum hardware increasingly relies on energy reserves that can later be converted into useful work; yet, most battery-like proposals demand coherent drives or engineered non-equilibrium resources, limiting practicality in noisy settings.…

Quantum batteries represent one of the most promising applications of quantum thermodynamics, whose goal is not only to store energy inside small quantum systems but also to potentially leverage genuine quantum effects to outperform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Davide Rinaldi , Radim Filip , Dario Gerace , Giacomo Guarnieri

We show that coupling together two closed thermodynamic systems that independently attain equilibrium may give rise to a nonequilibrium stationary state (NESS) with a persistent, non-vanishing current. We study a simple example that is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-01-23 Hernán Larralde , David P. Sanders

Executing quantum logic in cryogenic quantum computers requires a continuous energy supply from room-temperature control electronics. This dependence on external energy sources creates scalability limitations due to control channel density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yaniv Kurman , Kieran Hymas , Arkady Fedorov , William J. Munro , James Quach