Related papers: Second-order integrable Lagrangians and WDVV equat…
We characterize non-degenerate Lagrangians of the form $ \int f(u_x, u_y, u_t) dx dy dt $ such that the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations $ (f_{u_x})_x+ (f_{u_y})_y+ (f_{u_t})_t=0 $ are integrable by the method of hydrodynamic…
We investigate non-degenerate Lagrangians of the form $$ \int f(u_x, u_y, u_t) dx dy dt $$ such that the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations $ (f_{u_x})_x+ (f_{u_y})_y+ (f_{u_t})_t=0 $ are integrable by the method of hydrodynamic…
Lagrange scalar densities which are concomitants of two scalar fields, a pseudo-Riemannian metric tensor, and their derivatives of arbitrary differential order are investigated in a space of four-dimensions. I construct the most general…
We use a recently found method to characterise all the invertible fourth-order difference equations linear in the extremal values based on the existence of a discrete Lagrangian. We also give some result on the integrability properties of…
We study higher--order variational derivatives of a generic second--order Lagrangian ${\cal L}={\cal L}(x,\phi,\partial\phi,\partial^2\phi)$ and in this context we discuss the Jacobi equation ensuing from the second variation of the action.…
We formulate higher order variations of a Lagrangian in the geometric framework of jet prolongations of fibered manifolds. Our formalism applies to Lagrangians which depend on an arbitrary number of independent and dependent variables,…
Integrability conditions for difference equations admitting a second order formal recursion operator are presented and the derivation of symmetries and canonical conservation laws is discussed. In the generic case, nonlocal conservation…
The existence of a Lagrangian description for the second-order Riccati equation is analyzed and the results are applied to the study of two different nonlinear systems both related with the generalized Riccati equation. The Lagrangians are…
The two-dimensional extension of the one-dimensional PDM-Lagrangians and their nonlocal point transformation mappings into constant unit-mass exactly solvable Lagrangians is introduced. The conditions on the related two-dimensional…
We prove both necessary and sufficient second order conditions of extrema for variational problems involving any higher order continuously twice differentiable Lagrangians with multi-valued dependent functions of several variables. Our…
Second-order Lagrangian densities admitting a first-order Hamiltonian formalism are studied; namely, i) for each second-order Lagrangian density on an arbitrary fibred manifold $p\colon E\to N$ the Poincar\'e-Cartan form of which is…
The 2-dimensional inverse problem for first-order systems is analysed and a method to construct an affine Lagrangian for such systems is developed. The determination of such Lagrangians is based on the theory of the Jacobi multiplier for…
We consider a class of linear ODEs of second order with variable coefficients and construct its Lie algebra of Lie group of equivalence transformations. Further we find invariants and differential invariants of this Lie algebra and by using…
In a recent paper by Ibragimov [N. H. Ibragimov, Invariant Lagrangians and a new method of integration of nonlinear equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 304 (2005) 212--235] a method was presented in order to find Lagrangians of certain…
In a space of 4-dimensions, I will examine constrained variational problems in which the Lagrangian, and constraint scalar density, are concomitants of a (pseudo-Riemannian) metric tensor and its first two derivatives. The Lagrange…
In this paper, we study the Lagrangian functions for a class of second-order differential systems arising from physics. For such systems, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Lagrangian functions. Based on the…
We classify integrable Hamiltonian equations in 3D with the Hamiltonian operator d/dx, where the Hamiltonian density h(u, w) is a function of two variables: dependent variable u and the non-locality w such that w_x=u_y. Based on the method…
We develop a new approach to the classification of integrable equations of the form $$ u_{xy}=f(u, u_x, u_y, \triangle_z u \triangle_{\bar z}u, \triangle_{z\bar z}u), $$ where $\triangle_{ z}$ and $\triangle_{\bar z}$ are the…
In addition to standard and non-standard Lagrangians of classical mechanics, we consider, in this work, null Lagrangians that (i) identically satisfy the Euler-Lagrange equation and at the same time can be expressed as (ii) the total…
A geometric approach is used to study the Abel first order differential equation of the first kind. The approach is based on the recently developed theory of quasi-Lie systems which allows us to characterise some particular examples of…