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We study mean field games and corresponding $N$-player games in continuous time over a finite time horizon where the position of each agent belongs to a finite state space. As opposed to previous works on finite state mean field games, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-01 Alekos Cecchin , Markus Fischer

Mean field games (MFGs) offer a powerful framework for modeling large-scale multi-agent systems. This paper addresses MFGs formulated in continuous time with discrete state spaces, where agents' dynamics are governed by continuous-time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yannick Eich , Christian Fabian , Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

We introduce a simple extensive-form algorithm for finding equilibria of two-player, zero-sum games. The algorithm is realization equivalent to a generalized form of Fictitious Play. We compare its performance to that of a similar…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tim P. Schulze

We consider Mean Field Games without idiosyncratic but with Brownian type common noise. We introduce a notion of solutions of the associated backward-forward system of stochastic partial differential equations. We show that the solution…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-09-28 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Panagiotis Souganidis

In this paper, we address linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) risk-sensitive mean field games (MFGs) with common noise. In this framework agents are exposed to a common noise and aim to minimize an exponential cost functional that reflects…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-07 Xin Yue Ren , Dena Firoozi

Fictitious play has recently emerged as the most accurate scalable algorithm for approximating Nash equilibrium strategies in multiplayer games. We show that the degree of equilibrium approximation error of fictitious play can be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Sam Ganzfried

Mean field type games (MFTGs) describe Nash equilibria between large coalitions: each coalition consists of a continuum of cooperative agents who maximize the average reward of their coalition while interacting non-cooperatively with a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Kai Shao , Jiacheng Shen , Mathieu Laurière

The goal of this paper is to provide a selection principle for potential mean field games on a finite state space and, in this respect, to show that equilibria that do not minimize the corresponding mean field control problem should be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Alekos Cecchin , François Delarue

We introduce two Smoothed Policy Iteration algorithms (\textbf{SPI}s) as rules for learning policies and methods for computing Nash equilibria in second order potential Mean Field Games (MFGs). Global convergence is proved if the coupling…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-18 Qing Tang , Jiahao Song

Mean-field game theory relies on approximating games that are intractable to model due to a very large to infinite population of players. While these kinds of games can be solved analytically via the associated system of partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Anna C. M. Thöni , Yoram Bachrach , Tal Kachman

We construct Nash-equilibria in mean-field portfolio games of optimal investment and hedging under relative performance concerns with exponential (CARA) utility preferences. Common noise dynamics are modeled by integer-valued random…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Dirk Becherer , Stefanie Hesse

Fictitious Play (FP) is a simple and natural dynamic for repeated play with many applications in game theory and multi-agent reinforcement learning. It was introduced by Brown (1949,1951) and its convergence properties for two-player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Ioannis Panageas , Nikolas Patris , Stratis Skoulakis , Volkan Cevher

The goal of this paper is to show existence of short-time classical solutions to the so called Master Equation of \emph{first order} Mean Field Games, which can be thought of as the limit of the corresponding master equation of a stochastic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-08-20 Sergio Mayorga

To model complex real-world systems, such as traders in stock markets, or the dissemination of contagious diseases, graphon mean-field games (GMFG) have been proposed to model many agents. Despite the empirical success, our understanding of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Jing Dong , Baoxiang Wang , Yaoliang Yu

We consider a class of continuous-time dynamic games involving a large number of players. Each player selects actions from a finite set and evolves through a finite set of states. State transitions occur stochastically and depend on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Leonardo Pedroso , Andrea Agazzi , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Mauro Salazar

In this paper, we provide exponential rates of convergence to the interior Nash equilibrium for continuous-time dual-space game dynamics such as mirror descent (MD) and actor-critic (AC). We perform our analysis in $N$-player continuous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Bolin Gao , Lacra Pavel

This paper is concerned with the study of mean field games master equations involving an additional variable modelling common noise. We address cases in which the dynamics of this variable can depend on the state of the game, which requires…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-12-18 Charles Meynard , Charles Bertucci

This paper investigates a linear-quadratic mean field games problem with common noise, where the drift term and diffusion term of individual state equations are coupled with both the state, control, and mean field terms of the state, and we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-12 Wenyu Cong , Jingtao Shi , Bingchang Wang

Mean field games are studied by means of the weak formulation of stochastic optimal control. This approach allows the mean field interactions to enter through both state and control processes and take a form which is general enough to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-04-09 Rene Carmona , Daniel Lacker

Mean field games formalize dynamic games with a continuum of players and explicit interaction where the players can have heterogeneous states. As they additionally yield approximate equilibria of corresponding $N$-player games, they are of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Berenice Anne Neumann