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Quantum detectors of single photons are an essential component for quantum information processing across computing, communication and networking. Today's quantum detection system, which consists of single photon detectors, timing…
Recently, deep learning models have achieved great success in computer vision applications, relying on large-scale class-balanced datasets. However, imbalanced class distributions still limit the wide applicability of these models due to…
Powerful deep learning algorithms open an opportunity for solving non-image Machine Learning (ML) problems by transforming these problems to into the image recognition problems. The CPC-R algorithm presented in this chapter converts…
In photon-limited imaging, the pixel intensities are affected by photon count noise. Many applications, such as 3-D reconstruction using correlation analysis in X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) single molecule imaging, require an accurate…
In clinical CT, the x-ray source emits polychromatic x-rays, which are detected in the current-integrating mode. This physical process is accurately described by an energy-dependent non-linear integral model on the basis of the Beer-Lambert…
Aiming to improve the checkerboard corner detection robustness against the images with poor quality, such as lens distortion, extreme poses, and noise, we propose a novel detection algorithm which can maintain high accuracy on inputs under…
Recent advances in scanning transmission electron and scanning probe microscopies have opened exciting opportunities in probing the materials structural parameters and various functional properties in real space with angstrom-level…
Deep learning (DL) algorithms have shown significant performance in various computer vision tasks. However, having limited labelled data lead to a network overfitting problem, where network performance is bad on unseen data as compared to…
The learning of the physical world relies on sensing and data post-processing. When the signals are weak, multidimensional and correlated, the performance of learning is often bottlenecked by the quality of sensors, calling for integrating…
Deep learning has been used to improve photoacoustic (PA) image reconstruction. One major challenge is that errors cannot be quantified to validate predictions when ground truth is unknown. Validation is key to quantitative applications,…
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that detects the ultrasound signal generated from tissue with light excitation. Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) uses unfocused large-area light to illuminate the target…
Deep learning methods are used on spectroscopic data to predict drug content in tablets from near infrared (NIR) spectra. Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), features are ex- tracted from the spectroscopic data. Extended…
Recognizing symmetries in data allows for significant boosts in neural network training. In many cases, however, the underlying symmetry is present only in an idealized dataset, and is broken in the training data, due to effects such as…
Coherent measurement of quantum signals used for continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) across satellite-to-ground channels requires compensation of phase wavefront distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence. One…
Hyperspectral optical imaging provides rich spectral information for estimating continuous environmental and material parameters; however, its high dimensionality and strong feature correlation pose significant challenges for machine…
Accurate quantification in positron emission tomography (PET) is essential for accurate diagnostic results and effective treatment tracking. A major issue encountered in PET imaging is attenuation. Attenuation refers to the diminution of…
An essential metric for the quality of a particle-identification experiment is its statistical power to discriminate between signal and background. Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is a basic method for this purpose in many nuclear,…
Traditional CNN models are trained and tested on relatively low resolution images (<300 px), and cannot be directly operated on large-scale images due to compute and memory constraints. We propose Patch Gradient Descent (PatchGD), an…
Photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) play a critical role in precisely controlling light propagation, enabling high-performance functions in applications such as optical communication and integrated photonics. The design of PCWs traditionally…
X-ray Ptychography is an advanced computational microscopy technique which is delivering exceptionally detailed quantitative imaging of biological and nanotechnology specimens. However coarse parametrisation in propagation distance,…