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In this paper, we propose a collection of approximations for the 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) based on integer functions. Approximations could be systematically obtained and several existing approximations were identified as…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-26 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , C. J. Tablada

Discrete transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) are important tools in numerical analysis. The successful application of transform techniques relies on the existence of efficient…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-02-06 H. M. de Oliveira , R. J. Cintra , R. M. Campello de Souza

An orthogonal approximation for the 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) is introduced. The proposed transformation matrix contains only zeros and ones; multiplications and bit-shift operations are absent. Close spectral behavior…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-02-26 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer

Discrete transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or the discrete Hartley transform (DHT) furnish an indispensable tool in signal processing. The successful application of transform techniques relies on the existence of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-27 H. M. de Oliveira , R. J. Cintra , R. M. Campello de Souza

In this paper, we introduce low-complexity multidimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximations. Three dimensional DCT (3D DCT) approximations are formalized in terms of high-order tensor theory. The formulation is extended to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 V. A. Coutinho , R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a relevant tool in signal processing applications, mainly known for its good decorrelation properties. Current image and video coding standards -- such as JPEG and HEVC -- adopt the DCT as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 T. L. T. da Silveira , D. R. Canterle , D. F. G. Coelho , V. A. Coutinho , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is a central tool for image and video coding because it can be related to the Karhunen-Lo\`eve transform (KLT), which is the optimal transform in terms of retained transform coefficients and data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 A. P. Radünz , L. Portella , R. S. Oliveira , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Due to its remarkable energy compaction properties, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is employed in a multitude of compression standards, such as JPEG and H.265/HEVC. Several low-complexity integer approximations for the DCT have been…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-12-05 R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , V. A. Coutinho , S. Kulasekera , A. Madanayake

The discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is a useful tool for medical image coding. The three-dimensional DHT (3D DHT) can be employed to compress medical image data, such as magnetic resonance and X-ray angiography. However, the computation of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-02 V. A. Coutinho , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Two multiplierless pruned 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) approximation are presented. Both transforms present lower arithmetic complexity than state-of-the-art methods. The performance of such new methods was assessed in the image…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-12-13 V. A. Coutinho , R. J. Cintra , F. M. Bayer , S. Kulasekera , A. Madanayake

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is the key step in many image and video coding standards. The 8-point DCT is an important special case, possessing several low-complexity approximations widely investigated. However, 16-point DCT…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2017-02-08 F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra , A. Edirisuriya , A. Madanayake

This brief note aims at condensing some results on the 32-point approximate DFT and discussing its arithmetic complexity.

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 R. J. Cintra

An orthogonal 16-point approximate discrete cosine transform (DCT) is introduced. The proposed transform requires neither multiplications nor bit-shifting operations. A fast algorithm based on matrix factorization is introduced, requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-24 T. L. T. Silveira , R. S. Oliveira , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra , A. Madanayake

We present algorithms for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST), of types II and III, that achieve a lower count of real multiplications and additions than previously published algorithms, without sacrificing…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Xuancheng Shao , Steven G. Johnson

Matrix approximation methods have successfully produced efficient, low-complexity approximate transforms for the discrete cosine transforms and the discrete Fourier transforms. For the DFT case, literature archives approximations operating…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 L. Portella , F. M. Bayer , R. J. Cintra

Recently, there has been a lot of research into tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD) by using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix. The main aims of this paper are to propose and study tensor singular value decomposition based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Wen-Hao Xu , Xi-Le Zhao , Michael Ng

Discrete cosine transform (DCT) and other Fourier-related transforms have broad applications in scientific computing. However, off-the-shelf high-performance multi-dimensional DCT (MD DCT) libraries are not readily available in parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Zixuan Jiang , Jiaqi Gu , David Z. Pan

This paper introduces a new fast algorithm for the 8-point discrete cosine transform (DCT) based on the summation-by-parts formula. The proposed method converts the DCT matrix into an alternative transformation matrix that can be decomposed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-30 D. F. G. Coelho , R. J. Cintra , V. S. Dimitrov

The discrete cosine transform (DCT), introduced by Ahmed, Natarajan and Rao, has been used in many applications of digital signal processing, data compression and information hiding. There are four types of the discrete cosine transform. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-05 Jianqin Zhou

A versatile method is described for the practical computation of the discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) of a continuous function $g(t)$ given by its values $g_{j}$ at the points of a uniform grid $F_{N}$ generated by conjugacy classes of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Atoyan , J. Patera
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