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The high sensitivity of Laser Spectroscopy has made possible the exploration of atomic resonances in newly designed "nanometric" gas cells, whose local thickness varies from 20nm to more than 1000 nm. Following the initial observation of…
The ability to measure polarisation, spectrum, temporal dynamics, and spatial amplitude and phase of optical beams is essential to study fundamental phenomena in laser dynamics, telecommunications and nonlinear optics. Current…
By analyzing ``exact'' theoretical results from solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation of atoms in few-cycle laser pulses, we established the general conclusion that differential elastic scattering and photo-recombination cross…
IR absorption spectroscopy of hemoglobin was performed using an IR optical parametric oscillator laser and a commercial atomic force microscope in a novel experimental arrangement based on the use of a bottom-up excitation alignment. This…
Intense laser ionization expands Einstein's photoelectric effect rules giving a wealth of phenomena widely studied over the last decades. In all cases, so far, photons were assumed to carry one unit of angular momentum. However it is now…
In this paper we report a spectrometric approach to dual-energy digital radiography that has been developed and applied to identify specific organic substances and discern small differences in their effective atomic number. An experimental…
Since the last IAU symposium on planetary nebulae (PNe), several deep spectroscopic surveys of the relatively faint optical recombination lines (ORLs) emitted by heavy element ions in PNe and H II regions have been completed. New diagnostic…
X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a premier element-specific technique for materials characterization. Specifically, the x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) encodes important information about the local chemical environment of an…
Absorption imaging of ultracold atoms is the foundation for quantitative extraction of information from experiments with ultracold atoms. Due to the limited exposure time available in these systems, the signal-to-noise ratio is largest for…
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging technique that enables non-destructive measurements of surface and subsurface microstructures. Recent developments of OCT operating in the mid-infrared (MIR)…
Paradoxically, imaging with resolution much below the wavelength $\lambda$ - now common place in the visible spectrum - remains challenging at lower frequencies, where arguably it is needed most due to the large wavelengths used. Techniques…
Deep neural networks have proven to be very effective for computer vision tasks, such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation -- these are primarily applied to color imagery and video. In recent years, there has…
Quantum control of atoms at ultrashort distances from surfaces would open a new paradigm in quantum optics and offer a novel tool for the investigation of near-surface physics. Here, we investigate the motional states of atoms that are…
Recently, sparsity-based algorithms are proposed for super-resolution spectrum estimation. However, to achieve adequately high resolution in real-world signal analysis, the dictionary atoms have to be close to each other in frequency,…
High-resolution tunable laser spectroscopy is used to measure time-resolved absorption spectra for ten neutral uranium transitions and six singly-ionized transitions in a laser produced plasma. Spectral lineshapes are analyzed to determine…
Transient X-ray absorption techniques can measure ultrafast dynamics of the elemental edges in a material or multiple layer junction, giving them immense potential for deconvoluting concurrent processes. However, the interpretation of the…
For many complex materials systems, low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) offers detailed insights into morphology and crystallography by naturally combining real-space and reciprocal-space information. Its unique strength, however, is that…
Collinear laser spectroscopy has been performed on He-like C$^{4+}$ ions extracted from an electron beam ion source (EBIS). In order to determine the transition frequency with the highest-possible accuracy, the lineshape of the fluorescence…
Ultra-stable, quasi-monochromatic laser light forms the basis for high-precision interferometric measurements, e.g. for observing gravitational waves and for time keeping with optical clocks. Optical frequency conversion enables access to…
The photo-kinetics of fluorescent molecules have enabled the circumvention of far-field optical diffraction-limit. Despite its enormous potential, the necessity to label the sample may adversely influence the delicate biology under…