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The interest to perform laser spectroscopy in the heaviest elements arises from the strong impact of relativistic effects, electron correlations and quantum electrodynamics on their atomic structure. Once this atomic structure is well…
Optical systems capable of generating fields with sub-wavelength spatial features have become standard in science and engineering research and industry. Pertinent examples include atom- and ion-based quantum computers and optical…
The near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is not only a tool for imaging of objects in the sub wavelength limit but also a prominent characteristic tool for understanding the intrinsic properties of the nanostructures. The effect of…
Laser speckle, the granular intensity pattern arising from random optical interference, provides a high-dimensional encoding of spectral information that can be exploited for precision metrology. Speckle-based spectrometers have advanced…
High spectral resolution spectroscopy has proved to be very useful for the advancement of chemical abundances studies in photoionized nebulae, such as H II regions and planetary nebulae (PNe). Classical analyses make use of the intensity of…
Tendencies in five main branches of atomic spectrometry (absorption, emission, mass, fluorescence and ionization spectrometry) are considered. The first three techniques are the most widespread and universal, with the best sensitivity…
Spectroscopy of planetary nebulae (PNe) provides the means to investigate s-process enrichments of neutron(n)-capture elements that cannot be detected in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. However, accurate abundance determinations of…
Instrumentation developments in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) one decade ago paved the way for combining milli-electronvolt energy resolution in spectroscopy with…
High-precision hydrogen spectroscopy is an active field which helps to determine the Rydberg constant and proton charge radius, tests bound-state QED, and can search for Beyond Standard Model (BSM) Physics. Additionally, with recent…
This chapter presents a review on the latest advances in the computation of physical conditions and chemical abundances of elements present in photoionized gas H II regions and planetary nebulae). The arrival of highly sensitive…
Investigation into the properties and structure of unstable nuclei far from stability remains a key avenue of research in modern nuclear physics. These efforts are motivated by the continual observation of unexpected structure phenomena in…
In this technical review we give an introduction to optical spectroscopy for layered materials as a powerful, non-invasive tool to access details of the electronic band structure and crystal quality. Potential applications in photonics and…
A systematic survey of ions that could be responsible for features in the optical spectra of supernovae is carried out. Six different compositions that could be encountered in supernovae are considered. For each composition, the LTE optical…
Spectroscopic studies of Planetary Nebulae (PNe) and H {\sc ii} regions have driven much development in atomic physics. In the last few years the combination of a generation of powerful observatories, the development of ever more…
Precision spectroscopy has long played a central role in testing the foundations of physics, from the early insights that led to the development of quantum mechanics to the validation of quantum electrodynamics and the determination of…
Searches for New Physics focus either on the direct production of new particles at colliders or at deviations from known observables at low energies. In order to discover New Physics in precision measurements, both experimental and…
Nonlinear spectroscopy employs a series of laser pulses to interrogate dynamics in large interacting many-body systems, and has become a highly successful method for experiments in chemical physics. Current quantum optical experiments…
Hyperspectral imaging aims at providing information on both the spatial and the spectral distribution of light, with high resolution. However, state-of-the-art protocols are characterized by an intrinsic trade-off imposing to sacrifice…
Optical spectroscopy is an important and widely used technique, for instance, to characterize new materials and to identify unknown compounds. Spectra are typically reported as a function of the wavelength of light, yet the information…
X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to access structure and properties of matter in different states of aggregation as it allows to trace atomic and molecular energy levels in course of various physical and chemical…