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Distribution shifts are common in real-world datasets and can affect the performance and reliability of deep learning models. In this paper, we study two types of distribution shifts: diversity shifts, which occur when test samples exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Alceu Bissoto , Catarina Barata , Eduardo Valle , Sandra Avila

Many methods have been proposed to estimate treatment effects with observational data. Often, the choice of the method considers the application's characteristics, such as type of treatment and outcome, confounding effect, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Raquel Aoki , Martin Ester

Modeling the interference effect is an important issue in the field of causal inference. Existing studies rely on explicit and often homogeneous assumptions regarding interference structures. In this paper, we introduce a low-rank and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-31 Wei Zhang , Ying Yang , Fang Yao

Interference arises when an individual's potential outcome depends on the individual treatment level, but also on the treatment level of others. A common assumption in the causal inference literature in the presence of interference is…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-05-15 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Fabrizia Mealli , Corwin M. Zigler

In model serving, having one fixed model during the entire often life-long inference process is usually detrimental to model performance, as data distribution evolves over time, resulting in lack of reliability of the model trained on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Yiming Xu , Diego Klabjan

In this paper we propose a Bayesian answer to testing problems when the hypotheses are not well separated. The idea of the method is to study the posterior distribution of a discrepancy measure between the parameter and the model we want to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Jean-Bernard Salomond

This paper studies inference for the local average treatment effect in randomized controlled trials with imperfect compliance where treatment status is determined according to "matched pairs." By "matched pairs," we mean that units are…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-06-28 Yuehao Bai , Hongchang Guo , Azeem M. Shaikh , Max Tabord-Meehan

This paper presents and analyzes an approach to cluster-based inference for dependent data. The primary setting considered here is with spatially indexed data in which the dependence structure of observed random variables is characterized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-16 Jianfei Cao , Christian Hansen , Damian Kozbur , Lucciano Villacorta

When deploying machine learning models in high-stakes real-world environments such as health care, it is crucial to accurately assess the uncertainty concerning a model's prediction on abnormal inputs. However, there is a scarcity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Dennis Ulmer , Lotta Meijerink , Giovanni Cinà

When using dyadic data (i.e., data indexed by pairs of units), researchers typically assume a linear model, estimate it using Ordinary Least Squares and conduct inference using ``dyadic-robust" variance estimators. The latter assumes that…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-11-20 Nathan Canen , Ko Sugiura

We consider the inference problem for high-dimensional linear models, when covariates have an underlying spatial organization reflected in their correlation. A typical example of such a setting is high-resolution imaging, in which…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-07 Jérôme-Alexis Chevalier , Tuan-Binh Nguyen , Bertrand Thirion , Joseph Salmon

Two key identifying assumptions used to justify difference-in-differences are parallel trends and no anticipation, yet both may fail in practice. I propose a class of assumptions on anticipation and derive closed-form, sharp bounds on the…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-03 Gianna Fenaroli

Using theoretical and numerical results, we document the accuracy of commonly applied variational Bayes methods across a range of state space models. The results demonstrate that, in terms of accuracy on fixed parameters, there is a clear…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-25 David T. Frazier , Ruben Loaiza-Maya , Gael M. Martin

Estimating an individual treatment effect (ITE) is essential to personalized decision making. However, existing methods for estimating the ITE often rely on unconfoundedness, an assumption that is fundamentally untestable with observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-13 Mingzhang Yin , Claudia Shi , Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

We study causal inference in settings characterized by interference with a bipartite structure. There are two distinct sets of units: intervention units to which an intervention can be applied and outcome units on which the outcome of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-29 Georgia Papadogeorgou , Zhaoyan Song , Guido Imbens , Fabrizia Mealli

Error-in-variables regression is a common ingredient in treatment effect estimators using panel data. This includes synthetic control estimators, counterfactual time series forecasting estimators, and combinations. We study high-dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-20 David A. Hirshberg

This paper studies inference in two-stage randomized experiments under covariate-adaptive randomization. In the initial stage of this experimental design, clusters (e.g., households, schools, or graph partitions) are stratified and randomly…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-16 Jizhou Liu

This paper studies nonparametric local (over-)identification and the semiparametric efficiency in modern causal frameworks. We develop a unified approach that begins by translating structural models with latent variables into their induced…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-02 Xiaohong Chen , Haitian Xie

Since LaLonde's (1986) seminal paper, there has been ongoing interest in estimating treatment effects using pre- and post-intervention data. Scholars have traditionally used experimental benchmarks to evaluate the accuracy of alternative…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-28 Yechan Park , Yuya Sasaki

Observational studies can play a useful role in assessing the comparative effectiveness of competing treatments. In a clinical trial the randomization of participants to treatment and control groups generally results in well-balanced groups…