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Primordial black holes (PBHs) are mainly characterized by their mass function, in which there may be some huge suppression for certain mass spans. If this is the case, the absence of these PBHs will form mass gaps. In this paper, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-15 Xiao-Ming Bi , Lu Chen , Ke Wang

While no gravitational-wave detection of subsolar mass black holes has been confirmed to date, a number of candidate detections invite us to speculate on the origin of such black holes should a detection be confirmed. It is generally…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-27 Thomas W. Baumgarte , Stuart L. Shapiro

Scalar condensates with large expectation values can form in the early universe, for example, in theories with supersymmetry. The condensate can undergo fragmentation into Q-balls before decaying. If the Q-balls dominate the energy density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-15 Eric Cotner , Alexander Kusenko

Primordial black holes (PBHs) represent a natural candidate for one of the components of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. In this review, we shall discuss the basics of their formation, abundance and signatures. Some of their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-03 Pablo Villanueva-Domingo , Olga Mena , Sergio Palomares-Ruiz

We investigate the formation of primordial black hole (PBH) based on numerical relativity simulations and peak theory as well as the corresponding scalar induced gravitational wave (SIGW) signals in the presence of \emph{logarithmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-10 Ryoto Inui , Cristian Joana , Hayato Motohashi , Shi Pi , Yuichiro Tada , Shuichiro Yokoyama

Primordial black holes (PBHs) has been considered to form a part of dark matter for a long time but the possibility has been poorly constrained over a wide mass range, including the stellar mass range ($1-100~M_{\odot}$). However, due to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Huan Zhou , Zhengxiang Li , Zhiqi Huang , He Gao , Lu Huang

We present a novel \textit{gauge-invariant and minimal} formation mechanism of primordial black holes (PBHs) in first-order phase transition (FOPT) and domain walls (DW) separately. This is based on the first-order tensor perturbations,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Utkarsh Kumar , Anish Ghoshal

We derive a strong upper bound on the amount of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) that can still be present in the Universe. Gravitational capture of PBHs by the Milky Way stars during their formation and subsequent accretion would produce a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-03-04 Marco Roncadelli , Aldo Treves , Roberto Turolla

We present a numerical investigation of the gravitational collapse of horizon-size density fluctuations to primordial black holes (PBHs) during the radiation-dominated phase of the Early Universe. The collapse dynamics of three different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 J. C. Niemeyer , K. Jedamzik

We revisit the scenario in which stable particles of a dark sector are produced through the complete evaporation of light primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe. We investigate in detail the role of isocurvature…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 G. Franciolini , D. Racco

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical objects formed at the early epoch of the universe, which could be a type of dark matter (DM) candidate without the need for new particles. The abundance of PBH DM has been constrained strictly…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-27 Tian-Ci Liu , Xiao-Song Hu , Yun-Feng Liang , Ben-Yang Zhu , Xing-Fu Zhang , En-Wei Liang

We present a novel model-independent generic mechanism for primordial black hole formation within the context of non-singular matter bouncing cosmology. In particular, considering a short duration transition from the matter contracting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Theodoros Papanikolaou , Shreya Banerjee , Yi-Fu Cai , Salvatore Capozziello , Emmanuel N. Saridakis

This study forecasts the constraints on the properties of primordial black holes (PBHs) as a cold dark matter component using the galaxy clustering, weak lensing, and galaxy-galaxy lensing (i.e. $3\times2$pt) measurements from the upcoming…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Dingao Hu , Yan Gong , Pengfei Su , Hengjie Lin , Haitao Miao , Qi Xiong , Xuelei Chen

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are not as exotic as once thought and constitute a compelling non-particle dark matter (DM) candidate. We present a novel general PBH formation mechanism from scalar field fragmentation, which does not suffer…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-06 Volodymyr Takhistov

We study the possibility of production of primordial black holes (PBHs) from bubble collisions during a first-order phase transition. While typical colliding bubbles are small and irrelevant for PBH production, we find that those that can…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-20 Tae Hyun Jung , Takemichi Okui

In this paper we revisit thermodynamic constraints on primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the early universe. Under the assumption that PBH mass is equal to the cosmological horizon mass, one can use the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 James R. Chisholm

Following LIGO results of intermediate mass black holes mergers, the idea that dark matter is composed of Primordial Black Boles (PBH), made a recent comeback. PBHs might be formed in the early Universe through a variety of mechanisms, best…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-05 Thomas Tavernier , Jean-François Glicenstein , François Brun

There has recently been renewed interest in the possibility that the dark matter in the universe consists of primordial black holes (PBHs). Current observational constraints leave only a few PBH mass ranges for this possibility. One of them…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-05 N. Bartolo , V. De Luca , G. Franciolini , A. Lewis , M. Peloso , A. Riotto

We dedicate this thesis to the study of signatures coming from the primordial epochs of the universe. We will focus in particular on Primordial Black Holes (PBHs), which may be formed from perturbations generated during inflation and might…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-19 Valerio De Luca

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are one of the candidates to explain the gravitational wave (GW) signals observed by the LIGO detectors. Among several phenomena in the early Universe, cosmic inflation is a major example to generate PBHs from…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 Keisuke Inomata , Masahiro Kawasaki , Kyohei Mukaida , Yuichiro Tada , Tsutomu T. Yanagida