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Subsolar mass black holes from stellar collapse induced by primordial black holes

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena 2026-04-27 v2 General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

While no gravitational-wave detection of subsolar mass black holes has been confirmed to date, a number of candidate detections invite us to speculate on the origin of such black holes should a detection be confirmed. It is generally assumed that the observation of a black hole with subsolar mass MobsM_{\rm obs} would provide strong evidence for primordial black holes (PBHs). The mass MPBHM_{\rm PBH} of the PBH, however, does not necessarily have to be equal to MobsM_{\rm obs}, as it would in what we term a ``direct PBH scenario". Instead, a black hole of mass MobsM_{\rm obs} may form in a capture of a much smaller primordial black hole, MPBHMobsM_{\rm PBH} \ll M_{\rm obs}, by a dwarf star of mass MMobsM_* \simeq M_{\rm obs}, followed by the total consumption of the star by the PBH. We provide some rough estimates and demonstrate that such an ``indirect PBH scenario" may also lead to significant populations of black holes with mass MobsM_{\rm obs}, especially in dwarf galaxies, and may be able to explain rare subsolar mass events.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2601.22220,
  title  = {Subsolar mass black holes from stellar collapse induced by primordial black holes},
  author = {Thomas W. Baumgarte and Stuart L. Shapiro},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.22220},
  year   = {2026}
}

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5 pages