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Natural gradient descent has proven effective at mitigating the effects of pathological curvature in neural network optimization, but little is known theoretically about its convergence properties, especially for \emph{nonlinear} networks.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Guodong Zhang , James Martens , Roger Grosse

Inspired by the recent paper (L. Ying, Mirror descent algorithms for minimizing interacting free energy, Journal of Scientific Computing, 84 (2020), pp. 1-14),we explore the relationship between the mirror descent and the variable metric…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-28 Li Wang , Ming Yan

We propose a new algorithm for efficiently solving the damped Fisher matrix in large-scale scenarios where the number of parameters significantly exceeds the number of available samples. This problem is fundamental for natural gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Yixiao Chen , Hao Xie , Han Wang

Supervised training of neural networks for classification is typically performed with a global loss function. The loss function provides a gradient for the output layer, and this gradient is back-propagated to hidden layers to dictate an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-09 Arild Nøkland , Lars Hiller Eidnes

Value function learning plays a central role in many state-of-the-art reinforcement-learning algorithms. Many popular algorithms like Q-learning do not optimize any objective function, but are fixed-point iterations of some variant of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Yihao Feng , Lihong Li , Qiang Liu

Natural gradient descent (NGD) provided deep insights and powerful tools to deep neural networks. However the computation of Fisher information matrix becomes more and more difficult as the network structure turns large and complex. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Weihua Liu , Xiabi Liu

Gaussian mixture models form a flexible and expressive parametric family of distributions that has found applications in a wide variety of applications. Unfortunately, fitting these models to data is a notoriously hard problem from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Yuling Yan , Kaizheng Wang , Philippe Rigollet

The natural gradient allows for more efficient gradient descent by removing dependencies and biases inherent in a function's parameterization. Several papers present the topic thoroughly and precisely. It remains a very difficult idea to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-05-10 Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

When training neural networks with custom objectives, such as ranking losses and shortest-path losses, a common problem is that they are, per se, non-differentiable. A popular approach is to continuously relax the objectives to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Felix Petersen , Christian Borgelt , Tobias Sutter , Hilde Kuehne , Oliver Deussen , Stefano Ermon

We consider the problem of minimizing the average of a large number of smooth but possibly non-convex functions. In the context of most machine learning applications, each loss function is non-negative and thus can be expressed as the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-08 Antonio Orvieto , Lin Xiao

Differentially private (stochastic) gradient descent is the workhorse of DP private machine learning in both the convex and non-convex settings. Without privacy constraints, second-order methods, like Newton's method, converge faster than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Arun Ganesh , Mahdi Haghifam , Thomas Steinke , Abhradeep Thakurta

Gradient descent algorithms have been used in countless applications since the inception of Newton's method. The explosion in the number of applications of neural networks has re-energized efforts in recent years to improve the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Chad Kelterborn , Marcin Mazur , Bogdan V. Petrenko

We derive methods to compute higher order differentials (Hessians and Hessian-vector products) of the rendering operator. Our approach is based on importance sampling of a convolution that represents the differentials of rendering…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zican Wang , Michael Fischer , Tobias Ritschel

Many analyses in high-energy physics rely on selection thresholds (cuts) applied to detector, particle, or event properties. Initial cut values can often be guessed from physical intuition, but cut optimization, especially for multiple…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-11-12 Mike Hance , Juan Robles

In a Hilbert setting, for convex differentiable optimization, we develop a general framework for adaptive accelerated gradient methods. They are based on damped inertial dynamics where the coefficients are designed in a closed-loop way.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Hedy Attouch , Radu Ioan Bot , Dang-Khoa Nguyen

We study the global convergence of the gradient descent method of the minimization of strictly convex functionals on an open and bounded set of a Hilbert space. Such results are unknown for this type of sets, unlike the case of the entire…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-08 Thuy T. Le , Loc. H. Nguyen

We introduce Kalman Gradient Descent, a stochastic optimization algorithm that uses Kalman filtering to adaptively reduce gradient variance in stochastic gradient descent by filtering the gradient estimates. We present both a theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 James Vuckovic

Natural policy gradient (NPG) and its variants are widely-used policy search methods in reinforcement learning. Inspired by prior work, a new NPG variant coined NPG-HM is developed in this paper, which utilizes the Hessian-aided momentum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jie Feng , Ke Wei , Jinchi Chen

We propose a scalable preconditioned primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). We multiply the PDE with a dual test function to obtain an inf-sup problem whose loss functional involves…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Shu Liu , Stanley Osher , Wuchen Li

Gradient descent is one of the most widely used iterative algorithms in modern statistical learning. However, its precise algorithmic dynamics in high-dimensional settings remain only partially understood, which has limited its broader…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Qiyang Han , Xiaocong Xu
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