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The transmission spectra of exoplanet atmospheres observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the near-infrared range (1.1-1.65$\mu$m) frequently show evidence for some combination of clouds and hazes. Identification of systematic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Raissa Estrela , Mark Swain , Gael Roudier

Most models used to predict or fit exoplanet transmission spectra do not include all the effects of atmospheric refraction. Namely, the angular size of the star with respect to the planet can limit the lowest altitude, or highest density…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-23 Y. Betremieux , L. Kaltenegger

Exoplanetary science is among the fastest evolving fields of today's astronomical research. Ground-based planet-hunting surveys alongside dedicated space missions (Kepler, CoRoT) are delivering an ever-increasing number of exoplanets, now…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-28 M. Tessenyi , M. Ollivier , G. Tinetti , J. P. Beaulieu , V. Coudé du Foresto , T. Encrenaz , G. Micela , B. Swinyard , I. Ribas , A. Aylward , J. Tennyson , M. R. Swain , A. Sozzetti , G. Vasisht , P. Deroo

It is the most appropriate time to characterize the Earth-like exoplanets in order to detect biosignature beyond the Earth because such exoplanets will be the prime targets of big-budget missions like JWST, Roman Space Telescope, HabEx,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-01 Manika Singla , Aritra Chakrabarty , Sujan Sengupta

We are entering the era of high-precision and high-resolution spectroscopy of exoplanets. Such observations herald the need for robust self-consistent spectral models of exoplanetary atmospheres to investigate intricate atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-10-13 Siddharth Gandhi , Nikku Madhusudhan

An exoplanet-exomoon system presents a superposition of phase curves to observers - the dominant component varies according to the planetary period, and the lesser varies according to both the planetary and the lunar period. If the spectra…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Duncan H. Forgan

Planetary atmospheres are inherently 3D objects that can have strong gradients in latitude, longitude, and altitude. Secondary eclipse mapping is a powerful way to map the 3D distribution of the atmosphere, but the data can have large…

We review several aspects of the calculation of exoplanet model atmospheres in the current era, with a focus on understanding the temperature-pressure profiles of atmospheres and their emitted spectra. Most of the focus is on gas giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-24 Jonathan J. Fortney

With over 1800 planets discovered outside of the Solar System in the past two decades, the field of exoplanetology has broadened our perspective on planetary systems. Research priorities are now moving from planet detection to planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Julien de Wit

Transiting exoplanet atmospheric characterization is currently in a golden age as dozens of exoplanet atmospheres are being studied by NASA's Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes. This trend is expected to continue with NASA's Pandora…

The evolution of space technology in recent years, fueled by advancements in computing such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), has profoundly transformed our capacity to explore the cosmos. Missions like the James…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-13 Vasuda Trehan , Kevin H. Knuth , M. J. Way

Escaping exoplanet atmospheres have been observed as deep transit signatures in a few specific spectral lines. Detections have been made in the hydrogen Ly-$\alpha$ line, the metastable helium line at 10830 {\AA} and some UV lines of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-26 Dion Linssen , Antonija Oklopčić

Transit spectroscopy is a powerful tool to decode the chemical composition of the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. In this paper we focus on unsupervised techniques for analyzing spectral data from transiting exoplanets. We demonstrate…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-11 Konstantin T. Matchev , Katia Matcheva , Alexander Roman

We present a comprehensive theory of the spectra and atmospheres of irradiated extrasolar giant planets. We explore the dependences on stellar type, orbital distance, cloud characteristics, planet mass, and surface gravity. Phase-averaged…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 David Sudarsky , Adam Burrows , Ivan Hubeny

CONTEXT: High-precision stellar analyses require hydrodynamic modeling to interpret chemical abundances or oscillation modes. Exoplanet atmosphere studies require stellar background spectra to be known along the transit path while detection…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-20 Dainis Dravins , Hans-Günter Ludwig , Erik Dahlén , Hiva Pazira

The transit method, during which a planet's presence is inferred by measuring the reduction in flux as it passes in front of its parent star, is a highly successful exoplanet detection and characterization technique. During transit, the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-13 Joanna K. Barstow , Hannah R. Wakeford , Sarah L. Casewell , Vatsal Panwar

Retrieval methods are a powerful analysis technique for modelling exoplanetary atmospheres by estimating the bulk physical and chemical properties that combine in a forward model to best-fit an observed spectrum, and they are increasingly…

We are now on a clear trajectory for improvements in exoplanet observations that will revolutionize our ability to characterize their atmospheric structure, composition, and circulation, from gas giants to rocky planets. However, exoplanet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-20 Jonathan J. Fortney , Tyler D. Robinson , Shawn Domagal-Goldman , Anthony D. Del Genio , Iouli E. Gordon , Ehsan Gharib-Nezhad , Nikole Lewis , Clara Sousa-Silva , Vladimir Airapetian , Brian Drouin , Robert J. Hargreaves , Xinchuan Huang , Tijs Karman , Ramses M. Ramirez , Gregory B. Rieker , Jonathan Tennyson , Robin Wordsworth , Sergei N Yurchenko , Alexandria V Johnson , Timothy J. Lee , Chuanfei Dong , Stephen Kane , Mercedes Lopez-Morales , Thomas Fauchez , Timothy Lee , Mark S. Marley , Keeyoon Sung , Nader Haghighipour , Tyler Robinson , Sarah Horst , Peter Gao , Der-you Kao , Courtney Dressing , Roxana Lupu , Daniel Wolf Savin , Benjamin Fleury , Olivia Venot , Daniela Ascenzi , Stefanie Milam , Harold Linnartz , Murthy Gudipati , Guillaume Gronoff , Farid Salama , Lisseth Gavilan , Jordy Bouwman , Martin Turbet , Yves Benilan , Bryana Henderson , Natalie Batalha , Rebecca Jensen-Clem , Timothy Lyons , Richard Freedman , Edward Schwieterman , Jayesh Goyal , Luigi Mancini , Patrick Irwin , Jean-Michel Desert , Karan Molaverdikhani , John Gizis , Jake Taylor , Joshua Lothringer , Raymond Pierrehumbert , Robert Zellem , Natasha Batalha , Sarah Rugheimer , Jacob Lustig-Yaeger , Renyu Hu , Eliza Kempton , Giada Arney , Mike Line , Munazza Alam , Julianne Moses , Nicolas Iro , Laura Kreidberg , Jasmina Blecic , Tom Louden , Paul Molliere , Kevin Stevenson , Mark Swain , Kimberly Bott , Nikku Madhusudhan , Joshua Krissansen-Totton , Drake Deming , Irina Kitiashvili , Evgenya Shkolnik , Zafar Rustamkulov , Leslie Rogers , Laird Close

We propose a method for observing transiting exoplanets with near-infrared high-resolution spectrometers. We aim to create a robust data analysis method for recovering atmospheric transmission spectra from transiting exoplanets over a wide…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Erik Aronson , Pierre Waldén , Nikolai Piskunov

Solar System observations that serve as analogs for exoplanet remote sensing data can provide important opportunities to validate ideas and models related to exoplanet environments. Critically, and unlike true exoplanet observations, Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-23 Tyler D. Robinson , Arnaud Salvador
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