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Learning directed acyclic graph (DAG) that describes the causality of observed data is a very challenging but important task. Due to the limited quantity and quality of observed data, and non-identifiability of causal graph, it is almost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Dezhi Yang , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Zhengtian Wu , Maozu Guo

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

We study the problem of learning the causal relationships between a set of observed variables in the presence of latents, while minimizing the cost of interventions on the observed variables. We assume access to an undirected graph $G$ on…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Raghavendra Addanki , Andrew McGregor , Cameron Musco

Directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models are a powerful tool for representing causal relationships among jointly distributed random variables, especially concerning data from across different experimental settings. However, it is not always…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Francisco Madaleno , Pratik Misra , Alex Markham

Directed acyclic graphs have been used fruitfully to represent causal strucures (Pearl 1988). However, in the social sciences and elsewhere models are often used which correspond both causally and statistically to directed graphs with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-24 Thomas S. Richardson

Parallel real-time systems (e.g., autonomous driving systems) often contain functionalities with complex dependencies and execution uncertainties, leading to significant timing variability which can be represented as a probabilistic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yiyang Gao , Shuai Zhao , Boyang Li , Xinwei Fang , Zhiyang Lin , Zhe Jiang , Nan Guan

This paper discusses algorithms for learning causal DAGs. The PC algorithm makes no assumptions other than the faithfulness to the causal model and can identify only up to the Markov equivalence class. LiNGAM assumes linearity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ming Cai , Penggang Gao , Hisayuki Hara

Semantic parses are directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), so semantic parsing should be modeled as graph prediction. But predicting graphs presents difficult technical challenges, so it is simpler and more common to predict the linearized graphs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Federico Fancellu , Sorcha Gilroy , Adam Lopez , Mirella Lapata

In this article, the optimal sample complexity of learning the underlying interactions or dependencies of a Linear Dynamical System (LDS) over a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) is studied. We call such a DAG underlying an LDS as dynamical DAG…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-02 Mishfad Shaikh Veedu , Deepjyoti Deka , Murti V. Salapaka

Causal structure learning from observational data remains a non-trivial task due to various factors such as finite sampling, unobserved confounding factors, and measurement errors. Constraint-based and score-based methods tend to suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Rezaur Rashid , Jawad Chowdhury , Gabriel Terejanu

This paper addresses the problem of estimating causal directed acyclic graphs in linear non-Gaussian acyclic models with latent confounders (LvLiNGAM). Existing methods assume mutually independent latent confounders or cannot properly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ming Cai , Penggang Gao , Hisayuki Hara

Structural learning, which aims to learn directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data, is foundational to causal reasoning and scientific discovery. Recent advancements formulate structural learning into a continuous optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Song Wei , Yao Xie

Recovering underlying Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) structures from observational data is highly challenging due to the combinatorial nature of the DAG-constrained optimization problem. Recently, DAG learning has been cast as a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Zhen Zhang , Ignavier Ng , Dong Gong , Yuhang Liu , Ehsan M Abbasnejad , Mingming Gong , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Identification theory for causal effects in causal models associated with hidden variable directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is well studied. However, the corresponding algorithms are underused due to the complexity of estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Greedy algorithms have long been a workhorse for learning graphical models, and more broadly for learning statistical models with sparse structure. In the context of learning directed acyclic graphs, greedy algorithms are popular despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Goutham Rajendran , Bohdan Kivva , Ming Gao , Bryon Aragam

We study the problem of causal structure learning with essentially no assumptions on the functional relationships and noise. We develop DAG-FOCI, a computationally fast algorithm for this setting that is based on the FOCI variable selection…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-21 Mona Azadkia , Armeen Taeb , Peter Bühlmann

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou

Multivariate time series (MTS) data such as time course gene expression data in genomics are often collected to study the dynamic nature of the systems. These data provide important information about the causal dependency among a set of…

Applications · Statistics 2013-12-03 Wanlu Deng , Zhi Geng , Hongzhe Li

Causal representation learning aims to recover the latent causal variables and their causal relations, typically represented by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), from low-level observations such as image pixels. A prevailing line of research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ignavier Ng , Shaoan Xie , Xinshuai Dong , Peter Spirtes , Kun Zhang

Estimating a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from observational data represents a canonical learning problem and has generated a lot of interest in recent years. Research has focused mostly on the following two cases: when no information…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-15 Syed Rahman , Kshitij Khare , George Michailidis , Carlos Martinez , Juan Carulla