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Test-Time Adaptation aims to adapt source domain model to testing data at inference stage with success demonstrated in adapting to unseen corruptions. However, these attempts may fail under more challenging real-world scenarios. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Kui Jia

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Text classification is a fundamental task for natural language processing, and adapting text classification models across domains has broad applications. Self-training generates pseudo-examples from the model's predictions and iteratively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Menglong Lu , Zhen Huang , Zhiliang Tian , Yunxiang Zhao , Xuanyu Fei , Dongsheng Li

Despite their recent success, deep neural networks continue to perform poorly when they encounter distribution shifts at test time. Many recently proposed approaches try to counter this by aligning the model to the new distribution prior to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Samarth Sinha , Peter Gehler , Francesco Locatello , Bernt Schiele

Many existing approaches for unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) focus on adapting under only data distribution shift and offer limited success under additional cross-domain label distribution shift. Recent work based on self-training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Viraj Prabhu , Shivam Khare , Deeksha Kartik , Judy Hoffman

To deal with the domain shift between training and test samples, current methods have primarily focused on learning generalizable features during training and ignore the specificity of unseen samples that are also critical during the test.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique aimed at enhancing the generalization performance of models by leveraging unlabeled samples solely during prediction. Given the need for robustness in neural network systems when faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

Supervised learning is well-known to fail at generalization under distribution shifts. In typical clinical settings, the source data is inaccessible and the target distribution is represented with a handful of samples: adaptation can only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Mathilde Bateson , Hervé Lombaert , Ismail Ben Ayed

Test-time domain adaptation effectively adjusts the source domain model to accommodate unseen domain shifts in a target domain during inference. However, the model performance can be significantly impaired by continuous distribution changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Xingzhi Zhou , Zhiliang Tian , Ka Chun Cheung , Simon See , Nevin L. Zhang

Test time adaptation (TTA) equips deep learning models to handle unseen test data that deviates from the training distribution, even when source data is inaccessible. While traditional TTA methods often rely on entropy as a confidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Afshar Shamsi , Rejisa Becirovic , Ahmadreza Argha , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Arash Mohammadi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to transfer knowledge from a source model to unknown test data with potential distribution shifts in an online manner. Many existing TTA methods rely on entropy as a confidence metric to optimize the model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Chang'an Yi , Xiaohui Deng , Shuaicheng Niu , Yan Zhou

Fully test-time adaptation aims at adapting a pre-trained model to the test stream during real-time inference, which is urgently required when the test distribution differs from the training distribution. Several efforts have been devoted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Bowen Zhao , Chen Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Machine learning models must continuously self-adjust themselves for novel data distribution in the open world. As the predominant principle, entropy minimization (EM) has been proven to be a simple yet effective cornerstone in existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Qingyang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Xinke Kong , Peilin Zhao , Changqing Zhang

Test time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt deep neural networks when receiving out of distribution test domain samples. In this setting, the model can only access online unlabeled test samples and pre-trained models on the training domains.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Shuai Wang , Daoan Zhang , Zipei Yan , Jianguo Zhang , Rui Li

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (TTA), which aims at adapting models to data drifts, has recently attracted wide interest. Numerous tricks and techniques have been proposed to ensure robust learning on arbitrary streams of unlabeled data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Saypraseuth Mounsaveng , Florent Chiaroni , Malik Boudiaf , Marco Pedersoli , Ismail Ben Ayed

Test-time domain adaptation aims to adapt a source pre-trained model to a target domain without using any source data. Existing works mainly consider the case where the target domain is static. However, real-world machine perception systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Qin Wang , Olga Fink , Luc Van Gool , Dengxin Dai

Conventional test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches typically adapt the model using only a small fraction of test samples, often those with low-entropy predictions, thereby failing to fully leverage the available information in the test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nam Nguyen Phuong , Duc Nguyen The Minh , Phi Le Nguyen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Minh Hoai

Semantic segmentation is a key problem for many computer vision tasks. While approaches based on convolutional neural networks constantly break new records on different benchmarks, generalizing well to diverse testing environments remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Tuan-Hung Vu , Himalaya Jain , Maxime Bucher , Matthieu Cord , Patrick Pérez

Test-time adaptation (TTA) updates models during inference to reduce error on distribution shifts. While entropy minimization over the output distribution has proven effective as a TTA loss, we study using the intermediate distributions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yash Mali , Evan Shelhamer

This paper proposes a novel test-time adaptation strategy that adjusts the model pre-trained on the source domain using only unlabeled online data from the target domain to alleviate the performance degradation due to the distribution shift…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sungha Choi , Seunghan Yang , Seokeon Choi , Sungrack Yun