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In many risk-aware and multi-objective reinforcement learning settings, the utility of the user is derived from a single execution of a policy. In these settings, making decisions based on the average future returns is not suitable. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Conor F. Hayes , Mathieu Reymond , Diederik M. Roijers , Enda Howley , Patrick Mannion

Diverse, top-k, and top-quality planning are concerned with the generation of sets of solutions to sequential decision problems. Previously this area has been the domain of classical planners that require a symbolic model of the problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lyndon Benke , Tim Miller , Michael Papasimeon , Nir Lipovetzky

This paper presents Generalized Proof-Number Monte-Carlo Tree Search: a generalization of recently proposed combinations of Proof-Number Search (PNS) with Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), which use (dis)proof numbers to bias UCB1-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Jakub Kowalski , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Szymon Kosakowski , Mark H. M. Winands

This paper introduces COR-MCTS (Conservation of Resources - Monte Carlo Tree Search), a novel tactical decision-making approach for automated driving focusing on maneuver planning over extended horizons. Traditional decision-making…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Karim Essalmi , Fernando Garrido , Fawzi Nashashibi

This paper introduces the Constrained Monte Carlo Tree Search (CMCTS) framework to enhance the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM). By incorporating a constrained action space, Process Reward Model (PRM), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qingwen Lin , Boyan Xu , Guimin Hu , Zijian Li , Zhifeng Hao , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai

Dynamic job shop scheduling, a fundamental combinatorial optimisation problem in various industrial sectors, poses substantial challenges for effective scheduling due to frequent disruptions caused by the arrival of new jobs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ruiqi Chen , Yi Mei , Fangfang Zhang , Mengjie Zhang

This paper presents an efficient approach to object manipulation planning using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to find contact sequences and an efficient ADMM-based trajectory optimization algorithm to evaluate the dynamic feasibility of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Huaijiang Zhu , Avadesh Meduri , Ludovic Righetti

The single-track railway train timetabling problem (TTP) is an important and complex problem. This article proposes an integrated Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) computing framework that combines heuristic methods, unsupervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Feiyu Yang

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has achieved state-of-the-art results in many domains such as Go and Atari games when combining with deep neural networks (DNNs). When more simulations are executed, MCTS can achieve higher performance but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Li-Cheng Lan , Meng-Yu Tsai , Ti-Rong Wu , I-Chen Wu , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Autonomous mobile robots enable increased flexibility of manufacturing systems. The design and operating strategy of such a fleet of robots requires careful consideration of both fixed and operational costs. In this paper, a Monte-Carlo…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 T. M. J. T. Baltussen , M. Goutham , M. Menon , S. G. Garrow , M. Santillo , S. Stockar

We propose SC-MCTS*: a novel Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) reasoning algorithm for Large Language Models (LLMs), significantly improves both reasoning accuracy and speed. Our motivation comes from: 1. Previous MCTS LLM reasoning works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zitian Gao , Boye Niu , Xuzheng He , Haotian Xu , Hongzhang Liu , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen

We describe mts, which is a generic framework for parallelizing certain types of tree search programs, that (a) provides a single common wrapper containing all of the parallelization, and (b) minimizes the changes needed to the existing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-10-26 David Avis , Charles Jordan

Inference-time scaling strategies, particularly Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current approaches remain predominantly stateless, discarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hao Lu , Haoyuan Huang , Yulin Zhou , Chen Li , Ningxin Zhu

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a powerful algorithm for solving complex decision-making problems. This paper presents an optimized MCTS implementation applied to the FrozenLake environment, a classic reinforcement learning task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Esteban Aldana Guerra

Object rearrangement planning in complex, cluttered environments is a common challenge in warehouses, households, and rescue sites. Prior studies largely address monotone instances, whereas real-world tasks are often non-monotone-objects…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hanwen Ren , Junyong Kim , Aathman Tharmasanthiran , Ahmed H. Qureshi

We consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of finite-horizon Markov decision process. We propose a dynamic sampling tree policy that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gongbo Zhang , Yijie Peng , Yilong Xu

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an immensely popular search-based framework used for decision making. It is traditionally applied to domains where a perfect simulation model of the environment is available. We study and improve MCTS in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Farnaz Kohankhaki , Kiarash Aghakasiri , Hongming Zhang , Ting-Han Wei , Chao Gao , Martin Müller

Tree of Thoughts (ToT) enhances Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning by structuring problem-solving as a spanning tree. However, recent methods focus on search accuracy while overlooking computational efficiency. The challenges of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yifu Ding , Wentao Jiang , Shunyu Liu , Yongcheng Jing , Jinyang Guo , Yingjie Wang , Jing Zhang , Zengmao Wang , Ziwei Liu , Bo Du , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Dynamic resource allocation (DRA) problems are an important class of dynamic stochastic optimization problems that arise in a variety of important real-world applications. DRA problems are notoriously difficult to solve to optimality since…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-05-22 Dimitris Bertsimas , J. Daniel Griffith , Vishal Gupta , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Velibor V. Mišić , Robert Moss

The goal of protein design is to generate amino acid sequences that fold into functional structures with desired properties. Prior methods combining autoregressive language models with Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) struggle with long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xuefeng Liu , Mingxuan Cao , Songhao Jiang , Xiao Luo , Xiaotian Duan , Mengdi Wang , Tobin R. Sosnick , Jinbo Xu , Rick Stevens