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DP-coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) of a simple graph is a generalization of list coloring. It is known that planar graphs without 4-cycles adjacent to triangles are 4-choosable, and planar graphs without 4-cycles are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Seog-Jin Kim , Xiaowei Yu

The defective chromatic number of a graph class $\mathcal{G}$ is the minimum integer $k$ such that for some integer $d$, every graph in $\mathcal{G}$ is $k$-colourable such that each monochromatic component has maximum degree at most $d$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Marcin Briański , Robert Hickingbotham , David R. Wood

A graph $G$ is $(1,3)$-colorable if its vertices can be partitioned into subsets $V_1$ and $V_2$ so that every vertex in $G[V_1]$ has degree at most $1$ and every vertex in $G[V_2]$ has degree at most $3$. We prove that every graph with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Alexandr Kostochka , Jingwei Xu , Xuding Zhu

We introduce a variant of the vertex-distinguishing edge coloring problem, where each edge is assigned a subset of colors. The label of a vertex is the union of the sets of colors on edges incident to it. In this paper we investigate the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Nicolas Bousquet , Antoine Dailly , Eric Duchene , Hamamache Kheddouci , Aline Parreau

Given a graph $G$ and an integer $p$, a coloring $f : V(G) \to \mathbb{N}$ is \emph{$p$-centered} if for every connected subgraph $H$ of $G$, either $f$ uses more than $p$ colors on $H$ or there is a color that appears exactly once in $H$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Loïc Dubois , Gwenaël Joret , Guillem Perarnau , Marcin Pilipczuk , François Pitois

We define a $P$-compelling coloring as a proper coloring of the vertices of a graph such that every subset consisting of one vertex of each color has property $P$. The $P$-compelling chromatic number is the minimum number of colors in such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Anna Bachstein , Wayne Goddard , Michael A. Henning , John Xue

A {\em strong edge coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring in which every color class is an induced matching. The {\em strong chromatic index} $\chiup_{s}'(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of colors in a strong edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-13 Tao Wang

A \emph{star coloring} of a graph $G$ is a proper vertex-coloring such that no path on four vertices is $2$-colored. The minimum number of colors required to obtain a star coloring of a graph $G$ is called star chromatic number and it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Harshit Kumar Choudhary , I. Vinod Reddy

The online list coloring game is a two-player graph-coloring game played on a graph $G$ as follows. On each turn, a Lister reveals a new color $c$ at some subset $S \subseteq V(G)$ of uncolored vertices, and then a Painter chooses an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Peter Bradshaw , Jinghan A Zeng

The problem of finding the minimum number of colors to color a graph properly without containing any bicolored copy of a fixed family of subgraphs has been widely studied. Most well-known examples are star coloring and acyclic coloring of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Alaittin Kırtışoğlu , Lale Özkahya

An edge-coloring of a graph $G$ with natural numbers is called a sum edge-coloring if the colors of edges incident to any vertex of $G$ are distinct and the sum of the colors of the edges of $G$ is minimum. The edge-chromatic sum of a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-26 P. A. Petrosyan , R. R. Kamalian

It is known that DP-coloring is a generalization of a list coloring in simple graphs and many results in list coloring can be generalized in those of DP-coloring. In this work, we introduce a relaxed DP-coloring which is a generalization if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-12 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

A proper $k$-coloring of vertices of an $n$-vertex graph is equitable if the size of every color class is $\lfloor n/k\rfloor$ or $\lceil n/k\rceil$. An extension of it to list coloring requires only that the size of every color class is at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-19 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

In extremal combinatorics, it is common to focus on structures that are minimal with respect to a certain property. In particular, critical and list-critical graphs occupy a prominent place in graph coloring theory. Stiebitz, Tuza, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Anton Bernshteyn , Hemanshu Kaul , Jeffrey A. Mudrock , Gunjan Sharma

A complete $k$-coloring of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is an assignment $\varphi:V\to\{1,\ldots,k\}$ of colors to the vertices such that no two vertices of the same color are adjacent, and the union of any two color classes contains at least one…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Gabor Bacso , Piotr Borowiecki , Mihaly Hujter , Zsolt Tuza

The Additive Coloring Problem is a variation of the Coloring Problem where labels of $\{1,\ldots,k\}$ are assigned to the vertices of a graph $G$ so that the sum of labels over the neighborhood of each vertex is a proper coloring of $G$.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Daniel Severin

We show that Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs $G(n,p)$ with constant density $p<1$ have correspondence chromatic number $O(n/\sqrt{\log n})$; this matches a prediction from linear Hadwiger's conjecture for correspondence coloring. The proof…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-28 Zdenek Dvorak , Liana Yepremyan

The packing chromatic number $\chi_{\rho}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest integer $p$ such that vertices of $G$ can be partitioned into disjoint classes $X_{1}, ..., X_{p}$ where vertices in $X_{i}$ have pairwise distance greater than…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-05 Jan Ekstein , Přemysl Holub , Olivier Togni

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

We study several basic problems about colouring the $p$-random subgraph $G_p$ of an arbitrary graph $G$, focusing primarily on the chromatic number and colouring number of $G_p$. In particular, we show that there exist infinitely many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Boris Bukh , Michael Krivelevich , Bhargav Narayanan