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Organ transplantation is often the last resort for treating end-stage illness, but the probability of a successful transplantation depends greatly on compatibility between donors and recipients. Current medical practice relies on coarse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-03 Can Xu , Ahmed M. Alaa , Ioana Bica , Brent D. Ershoff , Maxime Cannesson , Mihaela van der Schaar

Fairness in machine learning has been studied by many researchers. In particular, fairness in recommender systems has been investigated to ensure the recommendations meet certain criteria with respect to certain sensitive features such as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Himan Abdollahpouri , Robin Burke , Masoud Mansoury

Explicit and implicit bias clouds human judgement, leading to discriminatory treatment of minority groups. A fundamental goal of algorithmic fairness is to avoid the pitfalls in human judgement by learning policies that improve the overall…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yuzi He , Keith Burghardt , Siyi Guo , Kristina Lerman

Background: Any sample of individuals has its own, unique distribution of preferences for choices that they make. Discrete choice models try to capture these distributions. Mixed logits are by far the most commonly used choice model in…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-18 John Buckell , Alice Wreford , Matthew Quaife , Thomas O. Hancock

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), or more generally data-driven algorithms, has become ubiquitous in today's society. Yet, in many cases and especially when stakes are high, humans still make final decisions. The critical question,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Eli Ben-Michael , D. James Greiner , Melody Huang , Kosuke Imai , Zhichao Jiang , Sooahn Shin

Many set selection and ranking algorithms have recently been enhanced with diversity constraints that aim to explicitly increase representation of historically disadvantaged populations, or to improve the overall representativeness of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Ke Yang , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Julia Stoyanovich

Preferences, fundamental in all forms of strategic behavior and collective decision-making, in their raw form, are an abstract ordering on a set of alternatives. Agents, we assume, revise their preferences as they gain more information…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hans Riess , Gregory Henselman-Petrusek , Michael C. Munger , Robert Ghrist , Zachary I. Bell , Michael M. Zavlanos

The rapid growth of healthcare data and advances in computational power have accelerated the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine. However, AI systems deployed without explicit fairness considerations risk exacerbating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xiaoyang Wang , Christopher C. Yang

In multi-objective decision planning and learning, much attention is paid to producing optimal solution sets that contain an optimal policy for every possible user preference profile. We argue that the step that follows, i.e, determining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Luisa M Zintgraf , Diederik M Roijers , Sjoerd Linders , Catholijn M Jonker , Ann Nowé

Fairness in hybrid societies hinges on a simple choice: should AI be a generous host or a strict gatekeeper? Moving beyond symmetric models, we show that asymmetric social structures--like those in hiring, regulation, and negotiation--AI…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Zhao Song , Theodor Cimpeanu , Chen Shen , The Anh Han

There is increasing regulatory interest in whether machine learning algorithms deployed in consequential domains (e.g. in criminal justice) treat different demographic groups "fairly." However, there are several proposed notions of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-02-19 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Changhwa Lee , Mallesh M. Pai , Aaron Roth , Rakesh Vohra

In its most traditional setting, the main concern of optimization theory is the search for optimal solutions for instances of a given computational problem. A recent trend of research in artificial intelligence, called solution diversity,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Emmanuel Arrighi , Henning Fernau , Daniel Lokshtanov , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Petra Wolf

Recommender systems are the algorithms which select, filter, and personalize content across many of the worlds largest platforms and apps. As such, their positive and negative effects on individuals and on societies have been extensively…

The standard way to evaluate language models on subjective tasks is through pairwise comparisons: an annotator chooses the "better" of two responses to a prompt. Leaderboards aggregate these comparisons into a single Bradley-Terry (BT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Hadi Khalaf , Serena L. Wang , Daniel Halpern , Itai Shapira , Flavio du Pin Calmon , Ariel D. Procaccia

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at a pace that raises urgent questions about how to align machine decision-making with human moral values. This working paper investigates how leading AI systems prioritize moral outcomes and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Eoin O'Doherty , Nicole Weinrauch , Andrew Talone , Uri Klempner , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Yi Zeng

We study dynamic matching in exchange markets with easy- and hard-to-match agents. A greedy policy, which attempts to match agents upon arrival, ignores the positive externality that waiting agents generate by facilitating future matchings.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2019-06-14 Itai Ashlagi , Afshin Nikzad , Philipp Strack

Current kidney exchange pools are of moderate size and thin, as they consist of many highly sensitized patients. Creating a thicker pool can be done by waiting for many pairs to arrive. We analyze a simple class of matching algorithms that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-03 Itai Ashlagi , Patrick Jaillet , Vahideh H. Manshadi

Medicine is inherently pluralistic. Principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice routinely conflict, and such ethical dilemmas often sharply divide reasonable physicians. Good clinical practice navigates these…

We design a flexible algorithm that exploits deceased donor kidneys to initiate chains of living donor kidney paired donations, combining deceased and living donor allocation mechanisms to improve the quantity and quality of kidney…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-09 Cristina Cornelio , Lucrezia Furian , Antonio Nicolo' , Francesca Rossi

Data-driven algorithmic matching systems promise to help human decision makers make better matching decisions in a wide variety of high-stakes application domains, such as healthcare and social service provision. However, existing systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Adrian Arnaiz-Rodriguez , Nina Corvelo Benz , Suhas Thejaswi , Nuria Oliver , Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez