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Spherical equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs) provide a principled framework for learning on three-dimensional molecular and biomolecular systems, where predictions must respect the rotational symmetries inherent in physics. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sophia Tang

Network theory has proven to be a powerful tool in describing and analyzing systems by modelling the relations between their constituent objects. In recent years great progress has been made by augmenting `traditional' network theory.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-06-03 Dominik Traxl , Niklas Boers , Jürgen Kurths

We develop and study a generalization of commutative rings called bands, along with the corresponding geometric theory of band schemes. Bands generalize both hyperrings, in the sense of Krasner, and partial fields in the sense of Semple and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Matthew Baker , Tong Jin , Oliver Lorscheid

Graph spanners are sparse subgraphs which approximately preserve all pairwise shortest-path distances in an input graph. The notion of approximation can be additive, multiplicative, or both, and many variants of this problem have been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Manuel Fernandez , David P. Woodruff , Taisuke Yasuda

We uncover the very rich graph topology of generic bounded non-Hermitian spectra, distinct from the topology of conventional band invariants and complex spectral winding. The graph configuration of complex spectra are characterized by the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Tommy Tai , Ching Hua Lee

Laman graphs naturally arise in structural mechanics and rigidity theory. Specifically, they characterize minimally rigid planar bar-and-joint systems which are frequently needed in robotics, as well as in molecular chemistry and polymer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-01 Stephen Kobourov , Torsten Ueckerdt , Kevin Verbeek

Generalizing the polynomial web category, we introduce a diagrammatic $\Bbbk$-linear monoidal category, the affine web category, for any commutative ring $\Bbbk$. Integral bases consisting of elementary diagrams are obtained for the affine…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Linliang Song , Weiqiang Wang

This paper presents a unified framework for determining the congruences on a number of monoids and categories of transformations, diagrams, matrices and braids, and on all their ideals. The key theoretical advances present an iterative…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-26 James East , Nik Ruskuc

Permutation and its partial transpose play important roles in quantum information theory. The Werner state is recognized as a rational solution of the Yang--Baxter equation, and the isotropic state with an adjustable parameter is found to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yong Zhang , Louis H. Kauffman , Reinhard F. Werner

Complex numbers define the relationship between entities in many situations. A canonical example would be the off-diagonal terms in a Hamiltonian matrix in quantum physics. Recent years have seen an increasing interest to extend the tools…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yu Tian , Renaud Lambiotte

We introduce several commutative rings, the snake rings, that have strong connections to cluster algebras. The elements of these rings are residue classes of unions of certain labeled graphs that were used to construct canonical bases in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Ilke Canakci , Ralf Schiffler

The concept of diagrammatic combinatorial Hopf algebras in the form introduced for describing the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra in~\cite{blasiak2010combinatorial} is extended to the case of so-called rule diagrams that present graph rewriting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-12-20 Nicolas Behr , Vincent Danos , Ilias Garnier , Tobias Heindel

While branching network structures abound in nature, their objective analysis is more difficult than expected because existing quantitative methods often rely on the subjective judgment of branch structures. This problem is particularly…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Haruhisa Oda , Mayuko Kida , Yoichi Nakata , Hiroki Kurihara

We study the connections between three seemingly different combinatorial structures - "uniform" brackets in statistics and probability theory, "containers" in online and distributed learning theory, and "combinatorial Macbeath regions", or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Kunal Dutta , Arijit Ghosh , Shay Moran

The ${\rm SL}_3$-skein algebra of a closed surface $\Sigma_g$ is a quantization of the ${\rm SL}_3$ character variety of $\Sigma_g$, where $g$ denotes the genus of the surface. This algebra admits a basis consisting of non-elliptic web…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Zhe Sun , Zhihao Wang

The shard intersection order is a new lattice structure on a finite Coxeter group W which encodes the geometry of the reflection arrangement and the lattice theory of the weak order. In the case where W is the symmetric group, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-03-11 Erin Bancroft

We take inspiration from the Okounkov-Vershik approach to the representation theory of the symmetric groups to develop a new way of understanding how the Schur-Weyl duality can be used to perform the Quantum Schur Transform. The Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Edward Pearce-Crump

Representation learning is central to graph machine learning, powering tasks such as link prediction and node classification. However, most graph embeddings are hard to interpret, offering limited insight into how learned features relate to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Nikolaos Nakis , Chrysoula Kosma , Panagiotis Promponas , Michail Chatzianastasis , Giannis Nikolentzos

An alternative framework underlying connection between tensor ${\rm sl}_2$-calculus and spin networks is suggested. New sign convention for the inner product in the dual spinor space leads to a simpler and direct set of initial rules for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-07-20 Jerzy Kocik

We explain that spectral networks are a unifying framework that incorporates both shear (Fock-Goncharov) and length-twist (Fenchel-Nielsen) coordinate systems on moduli spaces of flat SL(2,C) connections, in the following sense. Given a…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-05-10 Lotte Hollands , Andrew Neitzke