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Stars approaching supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the centers of galaxies can be torn apart by strong tidal forces. We study the physics of tidal disruption by a binary SMBH as a function of the binary mass ratio $q = M_2 / M_1$ and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-02 Siva Darbha , Eric R. Coughlin , Daniel Kasen , Eliot Quataert

A repeating partial tidal disruption event (rpTDE) is typically modeled as a star on a bound orbit that is partially disrupted by a massive black hole (MBH) at each pericenter passage. For disruption to occur, the pericenter distance must…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Shu Yan Lau , Ethan McKeever , Hang Yu

A supermassive black hole can disrupt a star when its tidal field exceeds the star's self-gravity, and can directly capture stars that cross its event horizon. For black holes with mass M > 10^7 solar masses, tidal disruption of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-26 Michael Kesden

We argue that the `changing look' AGN recently reported by LaMassa et al. could be a luminous flare produced by the tidal disruption of a super-solar mass star passing just a few gravitational radii outside the event horizon of a $\sim 10^8…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 A. Merloni , T. Dwelly , M. Salvato , A. Georgakakis , J. Greiner , M. Krumpe , K. Nandra , G. Ponti , A. Rau

When a star comes too close to a supermassive black hole, it gets torn apart by strong tidal forces in a tidal disruption event, or TDE. Half of the elongated stream of debris comes back to the stellar pericenter where relativistic apsidal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-17 Clément Bonnerot , Wenbin Lu , Philip F. Hopkins

In a tidal disruption event (TDE), a star is destroyed by the tidal field of a supermassive black hole. The stellar debris is initially placed on highly elliptical orbits, and a longstanding question in TDE theory is: How does the stellar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-21 Chris Nixon , Eric R. Coughlin , Zachary L. Andalman

In this paper we revisit the arguments for the basis of the time evolution of the flares expected to arise when a star is disrupted by a supermassive black hole. We present a simple analytic model relating the lightcurve to the internal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Lodato , A. R. King , J. E. Pringle

Observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) show signs of Nitrogen enrichment reminiscent of other astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star-forming galaxies. Given that TDEs probe the gas from a single star, it…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-10 Brenna Mockler , Monica Gallegos-Garcia , Ylva Götberg , Jon Miller , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) are routinely observed in quiescent galaxies, as stars from the nuclear star cluster are scattered into the loss cone of the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). TDEs are also expected to occur in Active…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-24 Chaitanya Prasad , Yihan Wang , Rosalba Perna , K. E. Saavik Ford , Barry McKernan

Sun-like stars are thought to be regularly disrupted by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within galactic nuclei. Yet, as stars evolve off the main sequence their vulnerability to tidal disruption increases drastically as they develop a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Morgan MacLeod , James Guillochon , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

In the tidal disruption of a star by a black hole, roughly half of the stellar mass becomes bound and falls into the black hole, while the other half is ejected at high velocity. Several previous studies have considered the emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 Daniel Kasen , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Stars passing too close to a black hole can produce tidal disruption events (TDEs), when the tidal force across the star exceeds the gravitational force that binds it. TDEs have usually been discussed in relation to massive black holes that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-21 Giacomo Fragione , Nathan Leigh , Rosalba Perna , Bence Kocsis

Rates of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have been extensively calculated using the loss cone theory, while theoretical work on TDE rates around intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) has been…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-27 Janet N. Y. Chang , Lixin Dai , Hugo Pfister , Rudrani Kar Chowdhury , Priyamvada Natarajan

We study tidal disruption events (TDEs) and compact object inspirals in nuclear star clusters (NSCs) hosting a central supermassive black hole (SMBH), focusing on their role in SMBH growth. Using the STARDISK version of the direct N-body…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-10 Philip Cho , Kai Wu , Francesco Flammini Dotti , Taras Panamarev , Rainer Spurzem

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) offer a unique opportunity to study a single super-massive black hole (SMBH) under feeding conditions that change over timescales of days or months. However, the primary mechanism for generating luminosity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-20 Brenna Mockler , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

The tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) probes relativistic gravity. In the coming decade, the number of observed tidal disruption events (TDEs) will grow by several orders of magnitude, allowing statistical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-07 Eric R. Coughlin , Chris Nixon

Tidal Disruption Events (TDEs) provide an opportunity to study supermassive black holes that are otherwise quiescent. The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time will be capable of discovering thousands of TDEs each year, allowing for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-08 K. Decker French , Brenna Mockler , Nicholas Earl , Tanner Murphey

Tidal disruption events occur when stars are ripped apart by massive black holes, and result in highly luminous, multi-wavelength flares. Optical/UV observations of tidal disruption events (TDEs) contradict simple models of TDE emission,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-27 Elad Steinberg , Nicholas C. Stone

The rate of tidal disruption events (TDEs) depends sensitively on the stellar properties of the central galactic regions. Simulations show that galaxy mergers cause gas inflows, triggering nuclear starbursts, increasing the central stellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-09 Hugo Pfister , Ben Bar-Or , Marta Volonteri , Yohan Dubois , Pedro R. Capelo