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We propose a new model for making generalizable and diverse retrosynthetic reaction predictions. Given a target compound, the task is to predict the likely chemical reactants to produce the target. This generative task can be framed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Benson Chen , Tianxiao Shen , Tommi S. Jaakkola , Regina Barzilay

Retrosynthesis -- the process of identifying a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule -- is of vital importance to material design and drug discovery. Existing machine learning approaches based on language models and graph neural…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Ruoxi Sun , Hanjun Dai , Li Li , Steven Kearnes , Bo Dai

Retrosynthesis, which predicts the reactants of a given target molecule, is an essential task for drug discovery. In recent years, the machine learing based retrosynthesis methods have achieved promising results. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Junliang Guo , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin

We describe a fully data driven model that learns to perform a retrosynthetic reaction prediction task, which is treated as a sequence-to-sequence mapping problem. The end-to-end trained model has an encoder-decoder architecture that…

Predicting drug side-effects before they occur is a key task in keeping the number of drug-related hospitalizations low and to improve drug discovery processes. Automatic predictors of side-effects generally are not able to process the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-01 Pietro Bongini , Elisa Messori , Niccolò Pancino , Monica Bianchini

Retrosynthesis planning is a fundamental challenge in chemistry which aims at designing reaction pathways from commercially available starting materials to a target molecule. Each step in multi-step retrosynthesis planning requires accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-27 Ilia Igashov , Arne Schneuing , Marwin Segler , Michael Bronstein , Bruno Correia

Retrosynthesis analysis is a critical task in organic chemistry central to many important industries. Previously, various machine learning approaches have achieved promising results on this task by representing output molecules as strings…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-09-20 Lei Fang , Junren Li , Ming Zhao , Li Tan , Jian-Guang Lou

De novo molecule generation often results in chemically unfeasible molecules. A natural idea to mitigate this problem is to bias the search process towards more easily synthesizable molecules using a proxy for synthetic accessibility.…

Leveraging artificial intelligence for automatic retrosynthesis speeds up organic pathway planning in digital laboratories. However, existing deep learning approaches are unexplainable, like "black box" with few insights, notably limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yu Wang , Chao Pang , Yuzhe Wang , Yi Jiang , Junru Jin , Sirui Liang , Quan Zou , Leyi Wei

Retrosynthesis prediction focuses on identifying reactants capable of synthesizing a target product. Typically, the retrosynthesis prediction involves two phases: Reaction Center Identification and Reactant Generation. However, we argue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shengyin Sun , Wenhao Yu , Yuxiang Ren , Weitao Du , Liwei Liu , Xuecang Zhang , Ying Hu , Chen Ma

Retrosynthesis, which aims to identify viable synthetic pathways for target molecules by decomposing them into simpler precursors, is often treated as a search problem. However, its complexity arises from multi-branched tree-structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chengyang Tian , Yuhang Chang , Yangpeng Zhang , Yang Liu

Synthesis planning and reaction outcome prediction are two fundamental problems in computer-aided organic chemistry for which a variety of data-driven approaches have emerged. Natural language approaches that model each problem as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Zhengkai Tu , Connor W. Coley

As a fundamental task in computational chemistry, retrosynthesis prediction aims to identify a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule. Existing template-free approaches only consider the graph structures of the target molecule,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Yifeng Liu , Hanwen Xu , Tangqi Fang , Haocheng Xi , Zixuan Liu , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Sheng Wang

Many applications of machine learning require a model to make accurate pre-dictions on test examples that are distributionally different from training ones, while task-specific labels are scarce during training. An effective approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Weihua Hu , Bowen Liu , Joseph Gomes , Marinka Zitnik , Percy Liang , Vijay Pande , Jure Leskovec

Template-free retrosynthesis methods treat the task as black-box sequence generation, limiting learning efficiency, while semi-template approaches rely on rigid reaction libraries that constrain generalization. We address this gap with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Chenguang Wang , Zihan Zhou , Lei Bai , Tianshu Yu

Graphs are a commonly used construct for representing relationships between elements in complex high dimensional datasets. Many real-world phenomenon are dynamic in nature, meaning that any graph used to represent them is inherently…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Stephen Bonner , John Brennan , Ibad Kureshi , Georgios Theodoropoulos , Andrew Stephen McGough , Boguslaw Obara

While machine learning has enabled the rapid prediction of inorganic materials with novel properties, the challenge of determining how to synthesize these materials remains largely unsolved. Previous work has largely focused on predicting…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-03 Samuel Andrello , Daniel Alabi , Simon J. L. Billinge

Retrosynthesis strategically plans the synthesis of a chemical target compound from simpler, readily available precursor compounds. This process is critical for synthesizing novel inorganic materials, yet traditional methods in inorganic…

Retrosynthetic planning is a fundamental problem in chemistry for finding a pathway of reactions to synthesize a target molecule. Recently, search algorithms have shown promising results for solving this problem by using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Junsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

The central challenge in automated synthesis planning is to be able to generate and predict outcomes of a diverse set of chemical reactions. In particular, in many cases, the most likely synthesis pathway cannot be applied due to additional…