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Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) is a diagnostic communication protocol used in electronic control units (ECUs) within automotive electronics, which is specified in the ISO 14229-1. It is derived from ISO 14230-3 (KWP2000) and the now…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Hong Zhang , Ding Li

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have garnered significant attention due to their extended perception range and enhanced sensing coverage. To address challenges such as blind spots and obstructions, CAVs employ vehicle-to-vehicle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Haonan An , Zhengru Fang , Yuang Zhang , Senkang Hu , Xianhao Chen , Guowen Xu , Yuguang Fang

As the development of autonomous and connected vehicles advances, the complexity of modern vehicles increases, with numerous Electronic Control Units (ECUs) integrated into the system. In an in-vehicle network, these ECUs communicate with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Long Dang , Thushari Hapuarachchi , Kaiqi Xiong , Yi Li

In existing semantic communication systems for image transmission, some images are generally reconstructed with considerably low quality. As a result, the reliable transmission of each image cannot be guaranteed, bringing significant…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-28 Guangyi Zhang , Qiyu Hu , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu

We present a novel cross-band modulation framework that combines 3D modulation in the RF domain with intensity modulation and direct detection in the optical domain, the first such integration to enhance communication reliability. By…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-24 Thrassos K. Oikonomou , Sotiris A. Tegos , Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis , George K. Karagiannidis

Autonomous driving requires 3D perception of vehicles and other objects in the in environment. Much of the current methods support 2D vehicle detection. This paper proposes a flexible pipeline to adopt any 2D detection network and fuse it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Xinxin Du , Marcelo H. Ang , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

4D radar has emerged as a critical sensor for autonomous driving, primarily due to its enhanced capabilities in elevation measurement and higher resolution compared to traditional 3D radar. Effective integration of 4D radar with cameras…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential in autonomous driving, to determine when learning-based components encounter unexpected inputs. Traditional detectors typically use encoder models with fixed settings, thus lacking effective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Zhenjiang Mao , Dong-You Jhong , Ao Wang , Ivan Ruchkin

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) allow physical signals to be processed using digital hardware. Their conversion consists of two stages: Sampling, which maps a continuous-time signal into discrete-time, and quantization, i.e.,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-25 Nir Shlezinger , Ariel Amar , Ben Luijten , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Yonina C. Eldar

Driver assistance systems as well as autonomous cars have to rely on sensors to perceive their environment. A heterogeneous set of sensors is used to perform this task robustly. Among them, radar sensors are indispensable because of their…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-26 Johanna Rock , Mate Toth , Elmar Messner , Paul Meissner , Franz Pernkopf

In convolutional neural networks (CNNs), padding plays a pivotal role in preserving spatial dimensions throughout the layers. Traditional padding techniques do not explicitly distinguish between the actual image content and the padded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Juho Kim

Autonomous inspection of underground infrastructure, such as sewer and culvert systems, is critical to public safety and urban sustainability. Although robotic platforms equipped with visual sensors can efficiently detect structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Johny J. Lopez , Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi

Recent advances in Capsule Networks (CapsNets) have shown their superior learning capability, compared to the traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, the extremely high complexity of CapsNets limits their fast deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Alberto Marchisio , Vojtech Mrazek , Muhammad Abudllah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

Standard decoding approaches rely on model-based channel estimation methods to compensate for varying channel effects, which degrade in performance whenever there is a model mismatch. Recently proposed Deep learning based neural decoders…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-07 Yihan Jiang , Hyeji Kim , Himanshu Asnani , Sreeram Kannan

Harvesting dense pixel-level annotations to train deep neural networks for semantic segmentation is extremely expensive and unwieldy at scale. While learning from synthetic data where labels are readily available sounds promising,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Zuxuan Wu , Xintong Han , Yen-Liang Lin , Mustafa Gkhan Uzunbas , Tom Goldstein , Ser Nam Lim , Larry S. Davis

Rising complexity of in-vehicle electronics is enabling new capabilities like autonomous driving and active safety. However, rising automation also increases risk of security threats which is compounded by lack of in-built security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Shashwat Khandelwal , Eashan Wadhwa , Shreejith Shanker

The burgeoning navigation services using digital maps provide great convenience to drivers. Nevertheless, the presence of anomalies in lane rendering map images occasionally introduces potential hazards, as such anomalies can be misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yongqi Dong , Xingmin Lu , Ruohan Li , Wei Song , Bart van Arem , Haneen Farah

This paper introduces a sensing-centric joint communication and millimeter-wave radar paradigm to facilitate collaboration among intelligent vehicles. We first propose a chirp waveform-based delay-Doppler quadrature amplitude modulation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Zhuoran Li , Zhen Gao , Sheng Chen , Dusit Niyato , Zhaocheng Wang , George K. Karagiannidis

Contemporary deep learning based video captioning follows encoder-decoder framework. In encoder, visual features are extracted with 2D/3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and a transformed version of those features is passed to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Nayyer Aafaq , Naveed Akhtar , Wei Liu , Ajmal Mian

Controller networks in today's automotive systems consist of more than 100 ECUs connected by various bus protocols. Seamless operation of the entire system requires a well-orchestrated interaction of these ECUs. Consequently, to ensure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Max J. Friese , Dirk Nowotka