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Training convolutional neural networks with a Lipschitz constraint under the $l_{2}$ norm is useful for provable adversarial robustness, interpretable gradients, stable training, etc. While 1-Lipschitz networks can be designed by imposing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

One of the arguments to explain the success of deep learning is the powerful approximation capacity of deep neural networks. Such capacity is generally accompanied by the explosive growth of the number of parameters, which, in turn, leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

In 2017, Hanin and Sellke showed that the class of arbitrarily deep, real-valued, feed-forward and ReLU-activated networks of width w forms a dense subset of the space of continuous functions on R^n, with respect to the topology of uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Joris Dommel , Sven A. Wegner

This note corrects a gap and improves results in an earlier paper by the first named author. More precisely, it is shown that on weakly compactly generated Banach spaces X which admit a C^{p} smooth norm, one can uniformly approximate…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-11-24 R. Fry , L. Keener

We provide full theoretical guarantees for the convergence behaviour of diffusion-based generative models under the assumption of strongly log-concave data distributions while our approximating class of functions used for score estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Stefano Bruno , Ying Zhang , Dong-Young Lim , Ömer Deniz Akyildiz , Sotirios Sabanis

We initiate the study of the inherent tradeoffs between the size of a neural network and its robustness, as measured by its Lipschitz constant. We make a precise conjecture that, for any Lipschitz activation function and for most datasets,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Sébastien Bubeck , Yuanzhi Li , Dheeraj Nagaraj

We show that finite-width deep ReLU neural networks yield rate-distortion optimal approximation (B\"olcskei et al., 2018) of polynomials, windowed sinusoidal functions, one-dimensional oscillatory textures, and the Weierstrass function, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-06 Dmytro Perekrestenko , Philipp Grohs , Dennis Elbrächter , Helmut Bölcskei

We show the universality of depth-2 group convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) in a unified and constructive manner based on the ridgelet theory. Despite widespread use in applications, the approximation property of (G)CNNs has not been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Sho Sonoda , Isao Ishikawa , Masahiro Ikeda

Classical results in neural network approximation theory show how arbitrary continuous functions can be approximated by networks with a single hidden layer, under mild assumptions on the activation function. However, the classical theory…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-06 Tyler Lekang , Andrew Lamperski

Infinitely wide or deep neural networks (NNs) with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) parameters have been shown to be equivalent to Gaussian processes. Because of the favorable properties of Gaussian processes, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Steven Adams , Andrea Patanè , Morteza Lahijanian , Luca Laurenti

This paper concentrates on the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks in terms of width and depth. It is proved by construction that ReLU networks with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor N^{1/d}\rfloor,\, N+2\}\big)$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

We precisely characterize the expressivity of computable Recurrent Graph Neural Networks (recurrent GNNs). We prove that recurrent GNNs with finite-precision parameters, sum aggregation, and ReLU activation, can compute any graph algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Eran Rosenbluth , Martin Grohe

In this paper, from a theoretical perspective, we study how powerful graph neural networks (GNNs) can be for learning approximation algorithms for combinatorial problems. To this end, we first establish a new class of GNNs that can solve a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Ryoma Sato , Makoto Yamada , Hisashi Kashima

Robustness with respect to weight perturbations underpins guarantees for generalization, pruning and quantization. Existing guarantees rely on Lipschitz bounds in parameter space, cover only plain feed-forward MLPs, and break under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Antoine Gonon , Nicolas Brisebarre , Elisa Riccietti , Rémi Gribonval

For the past 30 years or so, machine learning has stimulated a great deal of research in the study of approximation capabilities (expressive power) of a multitude of processes, such as approximation by shallow or deep neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Hrushikesh Mhaskar

The Lipschitz constant is an important quantity that arises in analysing the convergence of gradient-based optimization methods. It is generally unclear how to estimate the Lipschitz constant of a complex model. Thus, this paper studies an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-10 Calypso Herrera , Florian Krach , Josef Teichmann

We propose a computationally efficient $G$-invariant neural network that approximates functions invariant to the action of a given permutation subgroup $G \leq S_n$ of the symmetric group on input data. The key element of the proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Piotr Kicki , Mete Ozay , Piotr Skrzypczyński

In this paper we investigate the family of functions representable by deep neural networks (DNN) with rectified linear units (ReLU). We give an algorithm to train a ReLU DNN with one hidden layer to *global optimality* with runtime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Raman Arora , Amitabh Basu , Poorya Mianjy , Anirbit Mukherjee

The threat of adversarial examples has motivated work on training certifiably robust neural networks to facilitate efficient verification of local robustness at inference time. We formalize a notion of global robustness, which captures the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Klas Leino , Zifan Wang , Matt Fredrikson

We consider approximations of general continuous functions on finite-dimensional cubes by general deep ReLU neural networks and study the approximation rates with respect to the modulus of continuity of the function and the total number of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Dmitry Yarotsky
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