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Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are a unique class of jetted active galactic nuclei (AGN) defined by sub-kpc radio emission, showing radio structure on both sides of the central engine. CSOs tend to exhibit little to no relativistic…

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are compact (<1 kpc), jetted Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), whose jet axes are not aligned close to the line of sight, and whose observed emission is not predominantly relativistically boosted towards us. Two…

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs), young jetted-AGN of overall projected size <1 kpc, are of great interest due to their youth and evolution. The classification was introduced to distinguish between ~95% of powerful compact extragalactic…

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are jetted Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with overall projected size <1 kpc. The classification was introduced to distinguish these objects from the majority of compact jetted-AGN in centimeter wavelength…

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) trace the earliest phases of radio-galaxy growth; however, robust classification is difficult when radio cores are weak or invisible. We aim to develop and test a Gaia+VLBI approach that utilizes the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-14 T. An , Y. Zhang , S. Frey , W. A. Baan , A. Wang

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are small (less than 1 kpc) radio sources which have symmetric double lobes or jets. The dominant theory for the small size of these objects is that they are young radio sources which could grow into larger…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-11-11 S. E. Tremblay , G. B. Taylor , J. F. Helmboldt , C. D. Fassnacht , R. W. Romani

Double lobe radio sources associated with active galactic nuclei represent one of the longest studied groups in radio astronomy. A particular sub-group of double radio sources comprises the compact symmetric objects (CSOs). CSOs are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-26 Andrew G. Sullivan , Roger D. Blandford , Mitchell C. Begelman , Mark Birkinshaw , Anthony C. S. Readhead

We observed the core region of the giant radio galaxy GRS J0844+4627 with e-MERLIN at 1.52 and 5.07 GHz. These observations revealed that the apparent single feature at the centre of GRS J0844+4627, as seen by GMRT, consists of two…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-23 A. Marecki , B. Sebastian , C. H. Ishwara-Chandra

The radio-loud quasar CTD 135 (2234+282, J2236+2828) has been proposed as a candidate compact symmetric object (CSO), based on its symmetric radio structure revealed by multi-frequency very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) imaging…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-08 S. Frey , K. É. Gabányi , T. An

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are intrinsically compact extragalactic radio sources that are thought to be the progenitors of classical radio galaxies. To date, evolutionary models have mainly focused on the formation and growth of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-07 M. Orienti , F. D'Ammando , D. Dallacasa , G. Migliori , P. Rossi , G. Bodo

Compact symmetric objects (CSOs) are thought to be short-lived radio sources with two lobes of emission that are separated by less than a kpc in projection. However, studies of such systems at high redshift is challenging due to the limited…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-10 J. P. McKean , C. Spingola , D. M. Powell , S. Vegetti

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are a distinct category of jetted active galactic nuclei whose high-energy emission is not well understood. We examined the X-ray characteristics of 17 bona fide CSOs using observations from Chandra,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-22 Subhashree Swain , C. S. Stalin , Vaidehi S. Paliya , D. J. Saikia

AGN with the so-called `double-double' radio structure have been interpreted as restarted AGN where the inner structure is a manifestation of a new phase of activity which happened to begin before the outer radio lobes resulting from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Andrzej Marecki , Peter D. Barthel , Antonis Polatidis , Izabela Owsianik

We use a sample of 54 Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) to confirm that there are two unrelated CSO classes: an edge-dimmed, low-luminosity class (CSO~1), and an edge-brightened, high-luminosity class (CSO~2). Using blind tests, we show that…

We present the results of a multi-epoch VLBA study of the powerful radio source 4C +12.50 (PKS 1345+125) at a wavelength of 2 cm. This compact radio source is associated with a hidden quasar whose host galaxy shows signs of a recent merger.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. L. Lister , K. I. Kellermann , R. C. Vermeulen , M. H. Cohen , J. A. Zensus , E. Ros

We present results of multifrequency polarimetric VLBA observations of 20 compact radio sources. The observations represent the northern and southern extensions of a large survey undertaken to identify Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 G. B. Taylor , A. B. Peck

Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) show radio features such as jets, lobes, hot spots that are contained within the central 1 kpc region of their host galaxy. Thus, they are thought to be among the progenitors of large-scale radio galaxies. A…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-30 Malgosia Sobolewska , Aneta Siemiginowska , Matteo Guainazzi , Martin Hardcastle , Giulia Migliori , Luisa Ostorero , Lukasz Stawarz

We present pc-scale images of ten Compact Symmetric Objects (CSO) candidates observed with the European VLBI network (EVN). Five radio sources have been observed at 1.6 GHz, and five more at 2.3/8.4 GHz, the latter subsample with the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Liu Xiang , Carlo Stanghellini , Daniele Dallacasa , Zhang Haiyan

The radio-emitting quasar SDSS J1425+3231 (z=0.478) was recently found to have double-peaked narrow [O III] optical emission lines. Based on the analysis of the optical spectrum, Peng et al. (2011) suggested that this object harbours a dual…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-08-24 S. Frey , Z. Paragi , T. An , K. E. Gabanyi

The $\gamma$-ray emitting compact symmetric objects (CSOs) PKS 1718--649, NGC 3894, and TXS 0128+554 are lobe-dominated in the radio emission. In order to investigate their $\gamma$-ray radiation properties, we analyze the $\sim$14-yr…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-09 Ying-Ying Gan , Hai-Ming Zhang , Xing Yang , Ying Gu , Jin Zhang
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