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In the context of test case based automated program repair (APR), the research community call the patches that pass all the test cases but fail to actually fix the bug test case overfitted patches. Currently, overfitted patches has to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Ali Ghanbari

Automatic program repair (APR) aims to reduce the cost of manually fixing software defects. However, APR suffers from generating a multitude of overfitting patches, those patches that fail to correctly repair the defect beyond making the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-09 He Ye , Jian Gu , Matias Martinez , Thomas Durieux , Martin Monperrus

Automatic program repair (APR) has recently gained attention because it proposes to fix software defects with no human intervention. To automatically fix defects, most APR tools use the developer-written tests to (a) localize the defect,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Manish Motwani

Automated program repair (APR) techniques have achieved conspicuous progress, and are now capable of producing genuinely correct fixes in scenarios that were well beyond their capabilities only a few years ago. Nevertheless, even when an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shifat Sahariar Bhuiyan , Abhishek Tiwari , Yu Pei , Carlo A. Furia

Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques have shown more and more promising results in fixing real-world bugs. Despite the effectiveness, APR techniques still face an overfitting problem: a generated patch can be incorrect although it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xin Zhou , Bowen Xu , Kisub Kim , DongGyun Han , Thanh Le-Cong , Junda He , Bach Le , David Lo

Automated Program Repair (APR) can reduce the time developers spend debugging, allowing them to focus on other aspects of software development. Automatically generated bug patches are typically validated through software testing. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-13 David Williams , Ioakim Avraam , Aldeida Aleti , Matias Martinez , Justyna Petke , Federica Sarro

Automated program repair (APR) aims to fix software bugs automatically without human debugging efforts and plays a crucial role in software development and maintenance. Despite promising, APR is still challenged by a long-standing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Quanjun Zhang , Chunrong Fang , Weisong Sun , Yan Liu , Tieke He , Xiaodong Hao , Zhenyu Chen

Background: Over the years, Automated Program Repair (APR) has attracted much attention from both academia and industry since it can reduce the costs in fixing bugs. However, how to assess the patch correctness remains to be an open…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Shangwen Wang , Ming Wen , Liqian Chen , Xin Yi , Xiaoguang Mao

Large language models (LLMs) are effective for automated program repair, but plausible patches that pass the full test suite often rewrite more code than necessary, increasing review and maintenance costs. This over-editing is common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Boyang Yang , Zijian Cai , Shunfu Jin , Haoye Tian

Automated program repair (APR) tools have unlocked the potential for the rapid rectification of codebase issues. However, to encourage wider adoption of program repair in practice, it is necessary to address the usability concerns related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-20 David Williams , James Callan , Serkan Kirbas , Sergey Mechtaev , Justyna Petke , Thomas Prideaux-Ghee , Federica Sarro

Automated Program Repair (APR) has benefited from the code understanding and generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing feedback-based APR methods iteratively refine candidate patches using test execution feedback and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linhao Wu , Yifei Pei , Zhen Yang , Kainan Li , Zhonghang Lu , Hao Tan , Xiran Lyu , Jia Li , Yizhou Chen , Pengyu Xue , Kunwu Zheng , Dan Hao

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to help developers automatically patch software bugs. However, current state-of-the-art traditional and learning-based APR techniques face the problem of limited patch variety, failing to fix complicated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuxiang Wei , Lingming Zhang

Despite the immense popularity of the Automated Program Repair (APR) field, the question of patch validation is still open. Most of the present-day approaches follow the so-called Generate-and-Validate approach, where first a candidate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Viktor Csuvik , Dániel Horváth , Márk Lajkó , László Vidács

Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Test-based automated program repair has been a prolific field of research in software engineering in the last decade. Many approaches have indeed been proposed, which leverage test suites as a weak, but affordable, approximation to program…

Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) systems, especially those leveraging large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated promising results in patching vulnerabilities -- that is, if we trust their patch validation methodology. Ground-truth…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zheng Yu , Wenxuan Shi , Xinqian Sun , Zheyun Feng , Meng Xu , Xinyu Xing

Automated program repair (APR) techniques are effective in fixing inevitable defects in software, enhancing development efficiency and software robustness. However, due to the difficulty of generating precise specifications, existing APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xu He , Shu Wang , Kun Sun

Previous studies have shown that Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques suffer from the overfitting problem. Overfitting happens when a patch is run and the test suite does not reveal any error, but the patch actually does not fix the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Matias Martinez , Maria Kechagia , Anjana Perera , Justyna Petke , Federica Sarro , Aldeida Aleti

Automated Program Repair (APR) has garnered significant attention due to its potential to streamline the bug repair process for human developers. Recently, LLM-based APR methods have shown promise in repairing real-world bugs. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Fengjie Li , Jiajun Jiang , Jiajun Sun , Hongyu Zhang

PRF is a Java-based framework that allows researchers to build prototypes of test-based generate-and-validate automatic program repair techniques for JVM languages by simply extending it with their patch generation plugins. The framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Ali Ghanbari , Andrian Marcus
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