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Automated program repair is an emerging technology which consists of a suite of techniques to automatically fix bugs or vulnerabilities in programs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in program repair.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Xiang Gao , Yannic Noller , Abhik Roychoudhury

Automated Program Repair (APR) has emerged as a promising paradigm for reducing debugging time and improving the overall efficiency of software development. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shunyu Liu , Guangdong Bai , Mark Utting , Guowei Yang

Properly benchmarking Automated Program Repair (APR) systems should contribute to the development and adoption of the research outputs by practitioners. To that end, the research community must ensure that it reaches significant milestones…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Dongsun Kim , Jacques Klein , Yves Le Traon

In the past decade, research on test-suite-based automatic program repair has grown significantly. Each year, new approaches and implementations are featured in major software engineering venues. However, most of those approaches are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Thomas Durieux , Fernanda Madeiral , Matias Martinez , Rui Abreu

Automated Program Repair (APR) techniques typically rely on a given test-suite to guide the repair process. Apart from the need to provide test oracles, this makes the produced patches prone to test data over-fitting. In this work, instead…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yuntong Zhang , Andreea Costea , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Davin McCall , Abhik Roychoudhury

In the research of automated program repair (APR), benchmark datasets consisting of known defects in combination with test suites that indicate the defects are of high importance. They allow for an evidence-based comparison of different APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Adam Krafczyk , Klaus Schmid

Automatic program repair papers tend to repeatedly use the same benchmarks. This poses a threat to the external validity of the findings of the program repair research community. In this paper, we perform an empirical study of automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-29 He Ye , Matias Martinez , Thomas Durieux , Martin Monperrus

Automated program repair (APR) has achieved promising results, especially using neural networks. Yet, the overwhelming majority of patches produced by APR tools are confined to one single location. When looking at the patches produced with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-11 He Ye , Martin Monperrus

LLM-based automated program repair methods have attracted significant attention for their state-of-the-art performance. However, they were primarily evaluated on a few well known datasets like Defects4J, raising questions about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Fengjie Li , Jiajun Jiang , Jiajun Sun , Hongyu Zhang

Automated Program Repair (APR) is a task to automatically generate patches for the buggy code. However, most research focuses on generating correct patches while ignoring the consistency between the fixed code and the original buggy code.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhenlong Dai , Bingrui Chen , Zhuoluo Zhao , Xiu Tang , Sai Wu , Chang Yao , Zhipeng Gao , Jingyuan Chen

Automatic program repair (APR) aims to reduce the manual efforts required to identify and fix errors in source code. Before the rise of LLM-based agents, a common strategy was to increase the number of generated patches, sometimes to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Redundancy-based automated program repair (APR), which generates patches by referencing existing source code, has gained much attention since they are effective in repairing real-world bugs with good interpretability. However, since…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jiajun Jiang , Fengjie Li , Zijie Zhao , Zhirui Ye , Mengjiao Liu , Bo Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Junjie Chen

We revisit the performance of template-based APR to build comprehensive knowledge about the effectiveness of fix patterns, and to highlight the importance of complementary steps such as fault localization or donor code retrieval. To that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Test-based automatic program repair has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, the test suites in practice are often too weak to guarantee correctness and existing approaches often generate a large number of incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Yingfei Xiong , Xinyuan Liu , Muhan Zeng , Lu Zhang , Gang Huang

Background: Automated Vulnerability Repair (AVR) is a fast-growing branch of program repair. Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) outperform traditional techniques, extending their success beyond code generation and fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Maria Camporese , Fabio Massacci

Automatic Program Repair (APR) is a brilliant idea: when detecting a bug, also provide suggestions for correcting the program. Progress towards that goal is hindered by the absence of a common frame of reference for the multiplicity of APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Victoria Kananchuk , Ilgiz Mustafin , Bertrand Meyer

Fix pattern-based patch generation is a promising direction in Automated Program Repair (APR). Notably, it has been demonstrated to produce more acceptable and correct patches than the patches obtained with mutation operators through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Kui Liu , Anil Koyuncu , Dongsun Kim , Tegawendé F. Bisyandé

Automated Program Repair (APR) holds the promise of alleviating the burden of debugging and fixing software bugs. Despite this, developers still need to manually inspect each patch to confirm its correctness, which is tedious and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ruixin Wang , Zhongkai Zhao , Le Fang , Nan Jiang , Yiling Lou , Lin Tan , Tianyi Zhang

This work is motivated by the pervasive use of method invocations in object-oriented (OO) programs, and indeed their prevalence in patches of OO-program bugs. We propose a generate-and-validate repair technique, called ELIXIR designed to be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Ripon K. Saha , Yingjun Lyu , Hiroaki Yoshida , Mukul R. Prasad

Due to the promising future of Automated Program Repair (APR), researchers have proposed various APR techniques, including heuristic-based, template-based, and constraint-based techniques. Among such classic APR techniques, template-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Lingming Zhang