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In the construction of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC) experiments, 3D pixel sensors have become indispensable components due to their superior radiation hardness, fast response, and low…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-14 Huimin Ji , Zhihua Li , Wenzheng Cheng , Zheng Li , Kai Huang , Jing Wen , Song Liu , Manwen Liu , Jun Luo

Owing to their intrinsic (geometry dependent) radiation hardness, 3D pixel sensors are promising candidates for the innermost tracking layers of the forthcoming experiment upgrades at the Phase 2 High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). To this…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-02-01 DMS Sultan , Gian-Franco Dalla Betta , Roberto Mendicino , Maurizio Boscardin , Sabina Ronchin , Nicola Zorzi

The CMS experiment at the LHC includes a hybrid silicon pixel detector for the reconstruction of charged tracks and of the interaction vertices. The barrel region consists of n-in-n sensors with 100X150 um^2 cell size processed on diffusion…

Graphene-based devices have shown great promise for several applications. For graphene devices to be used in real-world systems, it is necessary to demonstrate competitive device performance, repeatability of results, reliability, and a…

After the successful installation and first operation of the upgraded Inner Tracking System (ITS2), which consists of about $10\,$m$^2$ of monolithic silicon pixel sensors, ALICE is pioneering the usage of bent, wafer-scale pixel sensors…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-07 Alperen Yüncü

The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC will be upgraded to accommodate the 5-fold increase in the instantaneous luminosity expected at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Concomitant with this increase will be an increase in the number of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-04-28 B. Acar , G. Adamov , C. Adloff , S. Afanasiev , N. Akchurin , B. Akgün , M. Alhusseini , J. Alison , G. Altopp , M. Alyari , S. An , S. Anagul , I. Andreev , M. Andrews , P. Aspell , I. A. Atakisi , O. Bach , A. Baden , G. Bakas , A. Bakshi , P. Bargassa , D. Barney , E. Becheva , P. Behera , A. Belloni , T. Bergauer , M. Besancon , S. Bhattacharya , S. Bhattacharya , D. Bhowmik , P. Bloch , A. Bodek , M. Bonanomi , A. Bonnemaison , S. Bonomally , J. Borg , F. Bouyjou , D. Braga , J. Brashear , E. Brondolin , P. Bryant , J. Bueghly , B. Bilki , B. Burkle , A. Butler-Nalin , S. Callier , D. Calvet , X. Cao , B. Caraway , S. Caregari , L. Ceard , Y. C. Cekmecelioglu , G. Cerminara , N. Charitonidis , R. Chatterjee , Y. M. Chen , Z. Chen , K. y. Cheng , S. Chernichenko , H. Cheung , C. H. Chien , S. Choudhury , D. Čoko , G. Collura , F. Couderc , I. Dumanoglu , D. Dannheim , P. Dauncey , A. David , G. Davies , E. Day , P. DeBarbaro , F. De Guio , C. de La Taille , M. De Silva , P. Debbins , E. Delagnes , J. M. Deltoro , G. Derylo , P. G. Dias de Almeida , D. Diaz , P. Dinaucourt , J. Dittmann , M. Dragicevic , S. Dugad , V. Dutta , S. Dutta , J. Eckdahl , T. K. Edberg , M. El Berni , S. C. Eno , Yu. Ershov , P. Everaerts , S. Extier , F. Fahim , C. Fallon , B. A. Fontana Santos Alves , E. Frahm , G. Franzoni , J. Freeman , T. French , E. Gurpinar Guler , Y. Guler , M. Gagnan , P. Gandhi , S. Ganjour , A. Garcia-Bellido , Z. Gecse , Y. Geerebaert , H. Gerwig , O. Gevin , W. Gilbert , A. Gilbert , K. Gill , C. Gingu , S. Gninenko , A. Golunov , I. Golutvin , T. Gonzalez , N. Gorbounov , L. Gouskos , Y. Gu , F. Guilloux , E. Gülmez , M. Hammer , A. Harilal , K. Hatakeyama , A. Heering , V. Hegde , U. Heintz , V. Hinger , N. Hinton , J. Hirschauer , J. Hoff , W. S. Hou , C. Isik , J. Incandela , S. Jain , H. R. Jheng , U. Joshi , O. Kara , V. Kachanov , A. Kalinin , R. Kameshwar , A. Kaminskiy , A. Karneyeu , O. Kaya , M. Kaya , A. Khukhunaishvili , S. Kim , K. Koetz , T. Kolberg , A. Kristić , M. Krohn , K. Krüger , N. Kulagin , S. Kulis , S. Kunori , C. M. Kuo , V. Kuryatkov , S. Kyre , O. K. Köseyan , Y. Lai , K. Lamichhane , G. Landsberg , J. Langford , M. Y. Lee , A. Levin , A. Li , B. Li , J. -H. Li , H. Liao , D. Lincoln , L. Linssen , R. Lipton , Y. Liu , A. Lobanov , R. S. Lu , I. Lysova , A. M. Magnan , F. Magniette , A. A. Maier , A. Malakhov , I. Mandjavize , M. Mannelli , J. Mans , A. Marchioro , A. Martelli , P. Masterson , B. Meng , T. Mengke , A. Mestvirishvili , I. Mirza , S. Moccia , I. Morrissey , T. Mudholkar , J. Musić , I. Musienko , S. Nabili , A. Nagar , A. Nikitenko , D. Noonan , M. Noy , K. Nurdan , C. Ochando , B. Odegard , N. Odell , Y. Onel , W. Ortez , J. Ozegović , L. Pacheco Rodriguez , E. Paganis , D. Pagenkopf , V. Palladino , S. Pandey , F. Pantaleo , C. Papageorgakis , I. Papakrivopoulos , J. Parshook , N. Pastika , M. Paulini , P. Paulitsch , T. Peltola , R. Pereira Gomes , H. Perkins , P. Petiot , F. Pitters , F. Pitters , H. Prosper , M. Prvan , I. Puljak , T. Quast , R. Quinn , M. Quinnan , K. Rapacz , L. Raux , G. Reichenbach , M. Reinecke , M. Revering , A. Rodriguez , T. Romanteau , A. Rose , M. Rovere , A. Roy , P. Rubinov , R. Rusack , A. E. Simsek , U. Sozbilir , O. M. Sahin , A. Sanchez , R. Saradhy , T. Sarkar , M. A. Sarkisla , J. B. Sauvan , I. Schmidt , M. Schmitt , E. Scott , C. Seez , F. Sefkow , S. Sharma , I. Shein , A. Shenai , R. Shukla , E. Sicking , P. Sieberer , Y. Sirois , V. Smirnov , E. Spencer , A. Steen , J. Strait , T. Strebler , N. Strobbe , J. W. Su , E. Sukhov , L. Sun , M. Sun , C. Syal , B. Tali , U. G. Tok , A. Kayis Topaksu , C. L. Tan , I. Tastan , T. Tatli , R. Thaus , S. Tekten , D. Thienpont , T. Pierre-Emile , E. Tiras , M. Titov , D. Tlisov , J. Troska , Z. Tsamalaidze , G. Tsipolitis , A. Tsirou , N. Tyurin , S. Undleeb , D. Urbanski , V. Ustinov , A. Uzunian , M. van de Klundert , J. Varela , M. Velasco , M. Vicente Barreto Pinto , P. M. da Silva , T. Virdee , R. Vizinho de Oliveira , J. Voelker , E. Voirin , Z. Wang , X. Wang , F. Wang , M. Wayne , S. N. Webb , M. Weinberg , A. Whitbeck , D. White , R. Wickwire , J. S. Wilson , H. Y. Wu , L. Wu , C. H Yeh , R. Yohay , G. B. Yu , S. S. Yu , D. Yu , F. Yumiceva , A. Zacharopoulou , N. Zamiatin , A. Zarubin , S. Zenz , H. Zhang , J. Zhang

The CMS silicon tracker consists of two tracking devices utilizing semiconductor technology: the inner pixel and the outer strip detectors. They operate in a high-occupancy and high-radiation environment presented by particle collisions in…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Viktor Veszpremi

In preparation for the High Luminosity LHC, the entire tracker detector of the CMS experiment will be exchanged as part of the Phase-2 Upgrade. The new Outer Tracker will comprise approximately 13,000 silicon sensor modules, of which 7608…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-25 F. Zhang , G. Blanchot , S. Higginbotham , A. Honma , A. Kalogeropoulos , M. Kovacs , A. La Rosa , S. Nasr

We report on the experimental study made on a successive prototype of High-Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) ATLASPix2 sensor for the tracking detector application, developed with 180 nm feature size. These sensors are to qualify mainly the peripheral…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-17 D M S Sultan , S. Gonzalez-Sevilla , D. Ferrere , G. Iacobucci , E. Zaffaroni , W. Wong , M. Kiehn , and M. Benoit

$N$-on-$p$ silicon sensors will be utilized in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector's tracker and High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Among their several advantages…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-09-06 T. Abdilov , N. Akchurin , C. Carty , Y. Kazhykarim , V. Kuryatkov , T. Peltola , A. Wade

We report on the development of 3D silicon sensors at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). The sensor involves columnar electrodes (5 um in diameter) of both doping types, etched from the same wafer side. The p+…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-14 Kuo Ma , De Zhang , Shengjia He , Tian-ao Wang , Han Li , Yu Nie , Xiuxia Wang , Jinlan Peng , Zheng Liang , Xiang Li , Wenhua Shi , Manwen Liu , Chuan Liao , Zheng Li , Zebo Tang , Yanwen Liu

We describe feedhorn-coupled polarization-sensitive detector arrays that utilize monocrystalline silicon as the dielectric substrate material. Monocrystalline silicon has a low-loss tangent and repeatable dielectric constant,…

3D silicon sensors, where plasma micro-machining is used to etch deep narrow apertures in the silicon substrate to form electrodes of PIN junctions, represent possible solutions for inner pixel layers of the tracking detectors in high…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-20 Giovanni Darbo

A high-sensitivity thermal sensing is demonstrated by coating a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the surface of a silica toroidal microresonator on a silicon wafer. Possessing high-Q whispering gallery modes (WGMs), the PDMS-coated…

The high-luminosity operation of the Tracker in the Compact Muon Solenid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment calls for the development of silicon-based sensors. This involves implementation of AC-coupling to…

The CMS tracker consists of 206 square meters of silicon strip sensors assembled on carbon fibre composite structures and is designed for operation in the temperature range from -25 to +25 degrees C. The mechanical stability of tracker…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-05-15 CMS Collaboration

We are investigating the use of low temperature wafer-wafer bonding in the fabrication of next-generation particle pixel detectors. This bonding technique could enable the integration of fully processed CMOS readout wafers with high-Z…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-17 J. Wüthrich , K. Deplazes , A. Rubbia

The tracking system of the CMS experiment, currently under construction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), will include a silicon pixel detector providing three spacial measurements in its final configuration…

High-granularity calorimeters utilizing silicon pad sensors as main active material are being designed for the CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade and have been proposed for the electromagnetic calorimeters at CLIC, ILC and FCC-ee. The silicon…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-26 Pedro Dias de Almeida

At the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the CMS experiment will need to operate at up to 200 interactions per 25 ns beam crossing time and with up to 4000 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. To achieve the physics goals the experiment needs to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-21 A. La Rosa , I. Ahmed , J. Almeida , G. Blanchot , S. Cooperstein , I. Dominguez , A. Honma , M. Kovacs , A. Zografos