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Training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a strict 1-Lipschitz constraint under the $l_{2}$ norm is useful for adversarial robustness, interpretable gradients and stable training. 1-Lipschitz CNNs are usually designed by enforcing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

Transformers have achieved state-of-the-art results across a range of domains, but their quadratic attention mechanism poses significant challenges for long-sequence modelling. Recent efforts to design linear-time attention mechanisms have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Rares Dolga , Lucas Maystre , Marius Cobzarenco , David Barber

Certified robustness is a critical property for deploying neural networks (NN) in safety-critical applications. A principle approach to achieving such guarantees is to constrain the global Lipschitz constant of the network. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zain ul Abdeen , Vassilis Kekatos , Ming Jin

The Hot Spots constant for bounded smooth domains was recently introduced by Steinerberger (2021) as a means to control the global extrema of the first nontrivial eigenfunction of the Neumann Laplacian by its boundary extrema. We generalize…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Phanuel Mariano , Hugo Panzo , Jing Wang

Implicit neural networks, a.k.a., deep equilibrium networks, are a class of implicit-depth learning models where function evaluation is performed by solving a fixed point equation. They generalize classic feedforward models and are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Saber Jafarpour , Alexander Davydov , Anton V. Proskurnikov , Francesco Bullo

End-to-end models reach state-of-the-art performance for speech recognition, but global soft attention is not monotonic, which might lead to convergence problems, to instability, to bad generalisation, cannot be used for online streaming,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Albert Zeyer , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

In recent years, the development of multimodal autoencoders has gained significant attention due to their potential to handle multimodal complex data types and improve model performance. Understanding the stability and robustness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Diyar Altinses , Andreas Schwung

Operator learning based on neural operators has emerged as a promising paradigm for the data-driven approximation of operators, mapping between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Despite significant empirical progress, our theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Samuel Lanthaler

We introduce Parseval networks, a form of deep neural networks in which the Lipschitz constant of linear, convolutional and aggregation layers is constrained to be smaller than 1. Parseval networks are empirically and theoretically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-08 Moustapha Cisse , Piotr Bojanowski , Edouard Grave , Yann Dauphin , Nicolas Usunier

Transformer architectures have led to remarkable progress in many state-of-art applications. However, despite their successes, modern transformers rely on the self-attention mechanism, whose time- and space-complexity is quadratic in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Feyza Duman Keles , Pruthuvi Mahesakya Wijewardena , Chinmay Hegde

Linear layers in neural networks (NNs) trained by gradient descent can be expressed as a key-value memory system which stores all training datapoints and the initial weights, and produces outputs using unnormalised dot attention over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Kazuki Irie , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

This paper presents a tractable algorithm for estimating an unknown Lipschitz function from noisy observations and establishes an upper bound on its convergence rate. The approach extends max-affine methods from convex shape-restricted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-20 Gábor Balázs

Lipschitz-constrained neural networks have many applications in machine learning. Since designing and training expressive Lipschitz-constrained networks is very challenging, there is a need for improved methods and a better theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Sebastian Neumayer , Alexis Goujon , Pakshal Bohra , Michael Unser

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

This work considers a nonlinear inverse source problem in a coupled diffusion equation from the terminal observation. Theoretically, under some conditions on problem data, we build the uniqueness theorem for this inverse problem and show…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Chunlong Sun , Wenlong Zhang , Zhidong Zhang

We use interval reachability analysis to obtain robustness guarantees for implicit neural networks (INNs). INNs are a class of implicit learning models that use implicit equations as layers and have been shown to exhibit several notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Alexander Davydov , Saber Jafarpour , Matthew Abate , Francesco Bullo , Samuel Coogan

Despite the promise of Lipschitz-based methods for provably-robust deep learning with deterministic guarantees, current state-of-the-art results are limited to feed-forward Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) on low-dimensional data, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Kai Hu , Andy Zou , Zifan Wang , Klas Leino , Matt Fredrikson

This note establishes a theoretical framework for finding (potentially overparameterized) approximations of a function on a compact set with a-priori bounds for the generalization error. The approximation method considered is to choose,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Arthur C. B. de Oliveira , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester , Eduardo D. Sontag

ResNets constrained to be bi-Lipschitz, that is, approximately distance preserving, have been a crucial component of recently proposed techniques for deterministic uncertainty quantification in neural models. We show that theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Lewis Smith , Joost van Amersfoort , Haiwen Huang , Stephen Roberts , Yarin Gal

Many empirical studies have provided evidence for the emergence of algorithmic mechanisms (abilities) in the learning of language models, that lead to qualitative improvements of the model capabilities. Yet, a theoretical characterization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Hugo Cui , Freya Behrens , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová