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The time varying reproduction number R is a critical variable for situational awareness during infectious disease outbreaks, but delays between infection and reporting hinder its accurate estimation in real time. We propose a nowcasting…

The infection fatality rate (IFR) of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the most discussed figures in the context of this pandemic. Using German COVID-19 surveillance data and age-group specific IFR estimates from multiple…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-22 Christian Staerk , Tobias Wistuba , Andreas Mayr

We consider the problem of inference for the states and parameters of a continuous-time multitype branching process from partially observed time series data. Exact inference for this class of models, typically using sequential Monte Carlo,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Angus Lewis , Antonio Parrella , John Maclean , Andrew J. Black

To draw real-world evidence about the comparative effectiveness of multiple time-varying treatments on patient survival, we develop a joint marginal structural survival model and a novel weighting strategy to account for time-varying…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-08 Liangyuan Hu , Jiayi Ji , Himanshu Joshi , Erick Scott , Fan Li

We have established a novel mathematical model that considers various aspects of the spreading of the virus, including, the transmission based on being in the latent period, environment to human transmission, governmental decisions, and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-31 Kamran Soltani , Ghader Rezazadeh

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges worldwide, necessitating effective modelling approaches to understand and control its transmission dynamics. In this study, we propose a novel approach that integrates…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-14 Moein Khalighi , Leo Lahti , Faïçal Ndaïrou , Peter Rashkov , Delfim F. M. Torres

As of November 2020, the number of COVID-19 cases is increasing rapidly in many countries. In Europe, the virus spread slowed considerably in the late spring due to strict lockdown, but a second wave of the pandemic grew throughout the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-25 Kristoffer Rypdal , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Martin Rypdal

This paper introduces new methods to track the offset between two multivariate time series on a continuous basis. We then apply this framework to COVID-19 counts on a state-by-state basis in the United States to determine the progression…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-19 Nick James , Max Menzies

One of the key indicators used in tracking the evolution of an infectious disease isthe reproduction number. This quantity is usually computed using the reportednumber of cases, but ignoring that many more individuals may be infected…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-11 Andrea De Simone , Marco Piangerelli

Coronavirus case-count data has influenced government policies and drives most epidemiological forecasts. Limited testing is cited as the key driver behind minimal information on the COVID-19 pandemic. While expanded testing is laudable,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-22 Walter Dempsey

This paper studies the distributed state estimation problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear uncertain dynamics over time-varying topologies of sensor networks. An extended state vector consisting of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Xingkang He , Xiaocheng Zhang , Wenchao Xue , Haitao Fang

Monitoring the evolution of the Covid19 pandemic constitutes a critical step in sanitary policy design. Yet, the assessment of the pandemic intensity within the pandemic period remains a challenging task because of the limited quality of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-14 Patrice Abry , Gersende Fort , Barbara Pascal , Nelly Pustelnik

A recursive state estimation procedure is derived for a linear time varying system with both parametric uncertainties and stochastic measurement droppings. This estimator has a similar form as that of the Kalman filter with intermittent…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Tong Zhou

During an epidemic outbreak, decision makers crucially need accurate and robust tools to monitor the pathogen propagation. The effective reproduction number, defined as the expected number of secondary infections stemming from one…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-14 Etienne Lasalle , Barbara Pascal

The need to forecast COVID-19 related variables continues to be pressing as the epidemic unfolds. Different efforts have been made, with compartmental models in epidemiology and statistical models such as AutoRegressive Integrated Moving…

Applications · Statistics 2020-10-07 Bahman Rostami-Tabar , Juan F. Rendon-Sanchez

Because of the rapid spread of COVID-19 to almost every part of the globe, huge volumes of data and case studies have been made available, providing researchers with a unique opportunity to find trends and make discoveries like never…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Sarwan Ali , Yijing Zhou , Murray Patterson

The effective reproduction number, R(t), is a central point in the study of infectious diseases. It establishes in an explicit way the extent of an epidemic spread process in a population. The current estimation methods for the time…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-26 D. C. P. Jorge , J. F. Oliveira , J. G. V. Miranda , R. F. S. Andrade , S. T. R. Pinho

This paper develops an individual-based stochastic network SIR model for the empirical analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic. It derives moment conditions for the number of infected and active cases for single as well as multigroup epidemic…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-01-05 M. Hashem Pesaran , Cynthia Fan Yang

The paper presents classification and analysis of the mathematical models of COVID-19 spread in different groups of populations such as the family, school, office (3-100 people), neighborhood (100-5000 people), city, region (0.5-15 million…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-01 O. I. Krivorotko , S. I. Kabanikhin

The new corona virus disease -- COVID-2019 -- is rapidly spreading through the world. The availability of unbiased timely statistics of trends in disease events are a key to effective responses. But due to reporting delays, the most…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-15 Adam Altmejd , Joacim Rocklöv , Jonas Wallin